Shloka 1

Adhyaya 79 — The Vaivasvata Manvantara: Classes of Devas, the Seven Sages, and Manu’s Nine Sons

Sanskrit

इति श्रीमार्कण्डेयपुराणे सावर्णिके मन्वन्तरे वैवस्वतोत्पत्तिर्नामाष्टसप्ततितमोऽध्यायः ऊनाशीतितमोऽध्यायः- 79

मार्कण्डेय उवाच आदित्या वसवो रुद्राः साध्या विश्वे मरुद्गणाः ।

भृगवोऽङ्गिरसश्चाष्टौ यत्र देवगणाः स्मृताः ॥

Transliteration

iti śrīmārkaṇḍeya-purāṇe sāvarṇike manvantare vaivasvatotpattir nāmāṣṭa-saptatitamo 'dhyāyaḥ ūnāśītitamo 'dhyāyaḥ—79 | mārkaṇḍeya uvāca: ādityā vasavo rudrāḥ sādhyā viśve marud-gaṇāḥ | bhṛgavo 'ṅgirasaś cāṣṭau yatra deva-gaṇāḥ smṛtāḥ ||

Translation

ມາຣະກັນເດຍ ກ່າວວ່າ: ໃນມັນວັນຕະຣະນັ້ນ ບັນດາເທວະຖືກຈື່ຈຳວ່າ ອາທິຕະຍະ, ວະສຸ, ຣຸດຣະ, ສາດຫຍະ, ວິສະເວເທວະ, ແລະ ຫມູ່ມາຣຸດ; ແລະຍັງມີ ພຣຶກຸ ແລະ ອັງຄິຣະສະ ເປັນ 8 ກຸ່ມ.

Word by Word

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; quotation/closure particle

• śrī: holy/auspicious (Śrī)
• śrī: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Title element)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śrī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular); honorific prefix in title

• mārkaṇḍeya: Mārkaṇḍeya
• mārkaṇḍeya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Title element)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mārkaṇḍeya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular); first member in compound title

• purāṇe: in the Purāṇa (text)
• purāṇe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location—'in')
• Type: Noun
• Root: purāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), Saptamī vibhakti (7th/सप्तमी), Ekavacana (Singular); compound title: mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa

• sāvarṇike: in the Sāvarṇika (Manvantara)
• sāvarṇike: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sāvarṇika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine) or Napuṃsaka per context; Saptamī vibhakti (7th/सप्तमी), Ekavacana (Singular); qualifies manvantare

• manvantare: in the Manvantara
• manvantare: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manvantara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), Saptamī vibhakti (7th/सप्तमी), Ekavacana (Singular)

• vaivasvata: Vaivasvata
• vaivasvata: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Determinant in compound)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaivasvata (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine); first member in compound

• utpattiḥ: origin/birth
• utpattiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; title-noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: utpatti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular); compound: vaivasvata-utpatti = 'origin of Vaivasvata'

• nāma: named/called
• nāma: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nāma (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; title-marker particle ('named')

• aṣṭa: eight
• aṣṭa: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Determinant in compound)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Numeral; first member in compound ordinal

• saptati: seventy
• saptati: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Numeral formation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saptati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine) as numeral-base; part of dvigu compound aṣṭa-saptati = 78

• tamaḥ: seventy-eighth
• tamaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular); ordinal suffix -tama; in compound aṣṭa-saptati-tama = '78th'

• adhyāyaḥ: chapter
• adhyāyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; colophon)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular)

• ūna: one less
• ūna: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Determinant in compound)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ūna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: First member in compound; 'less by one'

• aśīti: eighty
• aśīti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Numeral formation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aśīti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine) numeral-base; ūna-aśīti = 79 (one less than 80)

• tamaḥ: seventy-ninth
• tamaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular); ordinal; ūnāśīti-tama = '79th'

• adhyāyaḥ: chapter
• adhyāyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; colophon)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular)

• mārkaṇḍeyaḥ: Mārkaṇḍeya
• mārkaṇḍeyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Speaker)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mārkaṇḍeya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular)

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ lakāra (Perfect, लिट्), Prathama puruṣa (3rd person), Ekavacana (Singular); parasmaipada

• ādityāḥ: Ādityas
• ādityāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āditya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (Plural)

• vasavaḥ: Vasus
• vasavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vasu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (Plural)

• rudrāḥ: Rudras
• rudrāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rudra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (Plural)

• sādhyāḥ: Sādhyas
• sādhyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sādhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (Plural)

• viśve: Viśvedevas
• viśve: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viśva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (Plural); 'Viśve (Devāḥ)'

• marut: Maruts
• marut: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Determinant in compound)
• Type: Noun
• Root: marut (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine); first member in compound

• gaṇāḥ: groups
• gaṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (Plural); compound: marut-gaṇa = 'group of Maruts'

• bhṛgavaḥ: Bhṛgus
• bhṛgavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhṛgu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (Plural)

• aṅgirasaḥ: Aṅgirases
• aṅgirasaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aṅgiras (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (Plural)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• aṣṭau: eight
• aṣṭau: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (Plural); numeral adjective qualifying (aṅgirasaḥ)

• yatra: wherein/where
• yatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Relative location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; relative adverb (place/context)

• deva: of gods
• deva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Determinant in compound)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine); first member in compound

• gaṇāḥ: hosts/groups
• gaṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (Plural); compound: deva-gaṇa = 'group of gods'

• smṛtāḥ: are remembered/are said
• smṛtāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया; passive predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √smṛ (धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta; Past Passive Participle (kta/क्त), Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (Plural)

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya (speaker indicated in-text)

Primary Deities

• Ādityas
• Vasus
• Rudras
• Sādhyas
• Viśvedevas
• Maruts

Key Themes

• Manvantara
• Cosmology
• Deva taxonomy
• Ṛṣi lineages

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The Purāṇa frames the cosmos as an ordered community with functional divisions; likewise, human society is ideally organized by roles aligned to dharma rather than by disorderly power.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara: listing deva-classes and ṛṣi-classes is a standard manvantara profile; it maps the administration of a cosmic age.

What is the esoteric significance?

Deva-gaṇas can be read as archetypal forces in the psyche and nature; enumerating them is a contemplative inventory of powers that sustain both the macrocosm and microcosm.