Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 77, Shloka 15

Adhyaya 77 — Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

Sanskrit

इत्युक्ता सा तदा देवी जगाम भवनं पितुः ।

ददर्श तत्र त्वष्टारं तपसा धूतकल्मषम् ॥

Transliteration

ityuktā sā tadā devī jagāma bhavanaṃ pituḥ / dadarśa tatra tvaṣṭāraṃ tapasā dhūtakalmaṣam

Translation

ເມື່ອຖືກກ່າວດັ່ງນັ້ນ ພຣະເທວີ (ສັມຍາ) ຈຶ່ງໄປຍັງເຮືອນຂອງພໍ່. ທີ່ນັ້ນນາງໄດ້ເຫັນ ທວັສຕຣິ (Tvaṣṭṛ) ຜູ້ທີ່ຄວາມມົນທິນໄດ້ຖືກຊຳລະໂດຍຕະປະສະ (ການບຳເນັດ).

Word by Word

• इति: thus
• इति: Avyaya (अव्यय/Discourse marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उक्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)

• उक्ता: having been spoken to / addressed
• उक्ता: Karta (कर्ता; logical subject of passive/PPP)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त-भूतकर्मणि-क्त (past passive participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nom./1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• सा: she
• सा: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• तदा: then
• तदा: Kāla (काल/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)

• देवी: the goddess
• देवी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition to सा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• जगाम: went
• जगाम: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• भवनम्: to the house
• भवनम्: Karma (कर्म/Goal as object of motion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भवन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• पितुः: of (her) father
• पितुः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• ददर्श: saw
• ददर्श: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Deśa (देश/Place)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)

• त्वष्टारम्: Tvaṣṭṛ
• त्वष्टारम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वष्टृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• तपसा: by austerity
• तपसा: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular)

• धूतकल्मषम्: whose sin was cleansed
• धूतकल्मषम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धूतकल्मष (प्रातिपदिक; धूत + कल्मष)
• Form: कृदन्त-भूतकर्मणि-क्त (PPP of धू ‘to shake off/cleanse’), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषणम् (qualifying त्वष्टारम्)

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya as narrator (within the Devi Mahatmyam storytelling)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Saṃjñā/Devī (as lady)
• Tvaṣṭṛ (Viśvakarman)

Key Themes

• Tapas
• Purification
• Family refuge
• Mythic genealogy

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Tapas is presented as a purifier even for exalted beings; spiritual discipline is the means by which inner ‘stains’ are removed.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Falls under vaṃśānucarita-style mythic biography (narrated lives of divine lineages), though not a formal genealogy list here.

What is the esoteric significance?

Tvaṣṭṛ/Viśvakarman symbolizes the ‘fashioner’ principle—through tapas, the maker refashions the self into purity.