Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 58, Shloka 42

Adhyaya 58 — The Kurma-Form of Narayana: Mapping Bharata through Nakshatras, Regions, and Planetary Afflictions

Sanskrit

क्रौञ्चाः कुरुवकाः चैव क्षुद्रवीणाश्च ये जनाः ।

रसालयाः सकैकेयाः भोगप्रस्थाः सयामुनाः ॥

Transliteration

krauñcāḥ kuruvakāś caiva kṣudravīṇāś ca ye janāḥ / rasālayā sakaikeyā bhogaprasthāḥ sayāmunāḥ

Translation

ພວກ ກຣາວນຈະ (Krauñca), ກຸຣຸວະກະ (Kuruvaka), ແລະ ກະສຸດຣະວີນະ (Kṣudravīṇa)—ຊົນເຫຼົ່ານັ້ນ; ພວກ ຣະສາລະຍະ (Rasālaya) ພ້ອມກັບ ໄກເກຍະ (Kaikeya); ແລະ ພວກ ໂພກະປຣະສະຖະ (Bhogaprastha) ພ້ອມກັບ ຢາມຸນະ (Yāmuna) (ກໍຖືກລຽນນາມໄວ້).

Word by Word

• क्रौञ्चाः: Krauñcas (a group/people)
• क्रौञ्चाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रौञ्च (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन

• कुरुवकाः: Kuruvakas (a group/people)
• कुरुवकाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरुवक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• एव: also
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (emphasis)

• क्षुद्रवीणाः: Kṣudravīṇas (small-vīṇā people)
• क्षुद्रवीणाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षुद्र + वीणा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; कर्मधारयसमास (small vīṇā-players/people)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• ये: who/which
• ये: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)

• जनाः: people
• जनाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन

• रसालयाः: Rasālayas (a group/people)
• रसालयाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रसालय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन

• सकैकेयाः: together with the Kaikeyas
• सकैकेयाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स + कैकेय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; अव्ययीभावसमास (स- = 'with')

• भोगप्रस्थाः: Bhogaprasthas (a group/people)
• भोगप्रस्थाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भोग + प्रस्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषसमास

• सयामुनाः: together with the Yāmunas
• सयामुनाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स + यामुन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; अव्ययीभावसमास (स- = 'with')

Speakers

• Frame not explicit in these verses (catalogue style within the Purāṇic narration)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Purāṇic geography
• Ethnonyms
• Regional memory

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

By listing both famous (Kaikeya, Yāmuna) and obscure groups together, the Purāṇa asserts a single cultural cosmos that includes center and periphery.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sthāna (regional description) with occasional hints of Vaṃśānucarita when recognizable peoples imply historical lineages.

What is the esoteric significance?

The juxtaposition of river-linked peoples (Yāmunas) with other ethnonyms suggests that waterways act as ‘lifelines’ in the sacred body, binding disparate communities into one mandala.