Shloka 37

Adhyaya 48 — The Emanation of Beings from Brahma: Night, Day, Twilight, and the Orders of Creation

Sanskrit

ततोऽसृजत स भूतानि स्थावराणि चराणि च ।

यक्षान् पिशाचान् गन्धर्वांस्तथैवाप्सरसांगणान् ॥

Transliteration

tato 'sṛjat sa bhūtāni sthāvarāṇi carāṇi ca | yakṣān piśācān gandharvāṃs tathaivāpsarasāṃ gaṇān ||

Translation

ຕໍ່ມາ ພຣະອົງໄດ້ສ້າງສັດທັງທີ່ຢູ່ນິ່ງແລະເຄື່ອນໄຫວ—ຢັກສະ, ປິສາຈະ, ຄັນທະວະ ແລະຫມູ່ອັບສະຣາທັງຫຼາຍດ້ວຍ.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then, thereafter
• tataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• asṛjat: created, produced
• asṛjat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sṛj (धातु)
• Form: Laṅ-lakāra (लङ्, imperfect/past), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), Prathama-puruṣa (प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana (एकवचन)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative/Prathamā (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhūtāni: beings, creatures
• bhūtāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative/Dvitīyā (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• sthāvarāṇi: immobile (ones)
• sthāvarāṇi: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sthāvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative/Dvitīyā (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); viśeṣaṇa of bhūtāni

• carāṇi: mobile (ones)
• carāṇi: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: cara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative/Dvitīyā (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); viśeṣaṇa of bhūtāni

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• yakṣān: Yakṣas
• yakṣān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yakṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative/Dvitīyā (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• piśācān: Piśācas
• piśācān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: piśāca (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative/Dvitīyā (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• gandharvān: Gandharvas
• gandharvān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gandharva (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative/Dvitīyā (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tathā: thus, likewise
• tathā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• eva: indeed, just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle (निपात), emphasis (अवधारण)

• apsarasāṅgaṇān: companies/groups of Apsarases
• apsarasāṅgaṇān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: apsaras + aṅgaṇa (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative/Dvitīyā (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

Speakers

• Narrative voice (cosmogonic description)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Brahmā (Creator)

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Taxonomy of beings
• Sthāvara-jaṅgama
• Pañcalakṣaṇa—Sarga

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The world includes visible and subtle orders of life; human conduct (especially ritual and purity codes) is traditionally framed as interacting responsibly with these layered domains.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sarga: further detailing of created species and semi-divine classes.

What is the esoteric significance?

Sthāvara and cara can be read as inertia and dynamism (tamas/rajas) within prakṛti; intermediate beings represent liminal forces between gross and subtle realms.