Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 44, Shloka 20
Adhyaya 44 — Subahu’s Counsel to the King of Kashi and Alarka’s Renunciation through Yoga
सुबाहुरुवाच धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाख्यं पुरुषार्थचतुष्टयम् ।
तत्र धर्मार्थकामास्ते सकला हीयतेऽपरः ॥
subāhur uvāca dharmārthakāmamokṣākhyaṃ puruṣārtha-catuṣṭayam / tatra dharmārthakāmās te sakalā hīyate 'paraḥ //
ສຸບາຫຸ ກ່າວວ່າ: ເປົ້າໝາຍ 4 ປະການຂອງມະນຸດ ເອີ້ນວ່າ ທັມມະ, ອັດຖະ, ກາມະ, ແລະ ໂມກສະ. ໃນນັ້ນ ເມື່ອ ທັມມະ, ອັດຖະ, ກາມະ ທັງໝົດຖອຍຫຼົງ ສິ່ງທີ່ເຫຼືອຄື ໂມກສະ ຄວນສະແຫວງຫາ.
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FAQs
Human life is structured around four aims. When worldly capacities/attachments (artha and kāma, and even conventional dharma as social performance) wane, the teaching redirects one toward mokṣa as the enduring aim.
Philosophical instruction; not a pancalakṣaṇa category.
The ‘diminishing’ of the first three can indicate vairāgya arising from impermanence. As the grip of external pursuits loosens, the inward path to liberation becomes viable.