Shloka 47

Adhyaya 35 — Madālasa’s Instruction on Purity, Impurity, and Corrective Rites (Śauca and Aśauca)

Sanskrit

सपिण्डानां सपिण्डस्तु मृते 'न्यस्मिन्मृतो यदि ।

पूर्वाशौचसमाख्यातैः कार्यास्त्वत्र दिनैः क्रियाः ॥

Transliteration

sapiṇḍānāṃ sapiṇḍas tu mṛte 'nyasmin mṛto yadi | pūrvāśauca-samākhyātaiḥ kāryās tv atra dinaiḥ kriyāḥ ||

Translation

ຖ້າໃນບັນດາຍາດສະປິນດະ (sapiṇḍa) ມີສະປິນດະອີກຄົນໜຶ່ງຕາຍ ໃນຂະນະທີ່ອະເສົາຈະ (aśauca) ຈາກການຕາຍກ່ອນຍັງມີຜົນຢູ່, ພິທີກຳທີ່ກ່າວໄວ້ນີ້ຄວນເຮັດຕາມຈຳນວນມື້ທີ່ນັບໄວ້ພາຍໃຕ້ອະເສົາຈະກ່ອນໜ້າ.

Word by Word

• सपिण्डानाम्: of sapinda relatives
• सपिण्डानाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सपिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), बहुवचन; ‘of sapinda-relatives’

• सपिण्डः: a sapinda (relative)
• सपिण्डः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सपिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन

• तु: but
• तु: सम्बन्ध/विरोध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle; contrast/emphasis)

• मृते: when (one) has died
• मृते: अधिकरण (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मृत (कृदन्त; √मृ (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन; ‘when (someone) has died’

• अन्यस्मिन्: in another (case/person)
• अन्यस्मिन्: अधिकरण (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन; ‘in another (person)’

• मृतः: dies / is dead
• मृतः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मृत (कृदन्त; √मृ (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन; ‘dead’

• यदि: if
• यदि: हेतु/शर्त (condition)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (conditional particle)

• पूर्व: previous
• पूर्व: समासाङ्ग (निर्देशक)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासपूर्वपद (indeclinable in compound); ‘previous’

• अशौच: impurity
• अशौच: समासाङ्ग (निर्देशक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अशौच (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, समासपूर्वपद; ‘impurity’

• समाख्यातैः: by those (days) declared for the previous impurity
• समाख्यातैः: करण (Instrumental/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समाख्यात (कृदन्त; सम्+आ+√ख्या (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः: पूर्व-अशौच-समाख्यात = ‘as declared for the previous impurity’

• कार्याः: are to be performed
• कार्याः: विधेय (predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कार्य (कृदन्त; √कृ (धातु) + ण्यत्)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (विधेय), बहुवचन; ण्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त ‘to be done’

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: सम्बन्ध/विरोध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle)

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: देशाधिकरण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb of place)

• दिनैः: with days / by days
• दिनैः: करण (Instrumental/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन

• क्रियाः: rites/acts
• क्रियाः: कर्म/विधेय (things to be done)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रिया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता/विधेय), बहुवचन

Speakers

• Dharma-instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s didactic discourse (speaker not specified in the excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Compound mourning periods
• Sapiṇḍa dharma
• Ritual calendrics
• Aśauca continuity rules

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The system prevents endless disruption: overlapping deaths are handled by reference to an existing impurity-cycle, maintaining ritual coherence and social functionality.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/dharma instruction embedded in the purāṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

Aśauca is treated like a single ‘field condition’; additional events within it do not create a new field but are absorbed into the existing liminal interval.