Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 31, Shloka 15

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

तेनान्ये तत्कुले तत्र तत्तद्योन्यन्तरं गताः ।

प्रयान्त्याप्यायनं वत्स सम्यक् श्राद्धक्रियावताम् ॥

Transliteration

tenānye tatkule tatra tattadyonyantaraṃ gatāḥ / prayānty āpyāyanaṃ vatsa samyak śrāddhakriyāvatām

Translation

ດ້ວຍສິ່ງນັ້ນ ບຸກຄົນອື່ນໆໃນຕະກູນນັ້ນເອງ—ຜູ້ທີ່ໄດ້ໄປເກີດໃນກຳເນີດຕ່າງໆ—ຍ່ອມໄດ້ຮັບອາຫານຫຼ້ຽງຊີວິດ, ໂອ ລູກທີ່ຮັກ, ເມື່ອພິທີສຣາດທະ (śrāddha) ຖືກປະກອບຢ່າງຖືກຕ້ອງ.

Word by Word

• तेन: by that/thereby
• तेन: करण (instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: कर्ता (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• तत्-कुले: in that family
• तत्-कुले: अधिकरण (locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + कुल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: तस्य कुलम् = that family/lineage

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: अधिकरण (adverbial location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक अव्यय (adverb of place)

• तत्-तत्-योनि-अन्तरम्: various other births/wombs
• तत्-तत्-योनि-अन्तरम्: कर्म (object of ‘go/attain’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + योनि (प्रातिपदिक) + अन्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: योनेः अन्तरम् = another womb/birth; पुनरुक्ति ‘तत्-तत्’ = various/that-and-that

• गताः: having gone (entered)
• गताः: कर्ता (as adjectival predicate to ‘अन्ये’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘gone/entered’

• प्रयान्ति: go/attain
• प्रयान्ति: क्रिया (predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-या (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• आप्यायनम्: nourishment/sustenance
• आप्यायनम्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आ-√प्यै/प्या (धातु) → आप्यायन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; भाववाचक: nourishment/increase

• वत्स: dear child
• वत्स: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वत्स (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

• सम्यक्: properly
• सम्यक्: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्यक् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, प्रकारवाचक (adverb: properly)

• श्राद्ध-क्रिया-वताम्: of those who duly perform śrāddha rites
• श्राद्ध-क्रिया-वताम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + क्रिया (प्रातिपदिक) + वत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष: श्राद्धस्य क्रिया = śrāddha-rite; ‘वत्’ = possessing; ‘of those who possess proper śrāddha-performance’

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Śrāddha
• Lineage ethics
• Transmigration
• Ritual correctness (samyak)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Proper performance (samyak-kriyā) matters: dharma is not only intention but also disciplined execution, believed to generate tangible relief for relatives across diverse rebirths.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/Ācāra; it connects to vaṃśa thinking by emphasizing ‘tatkula’ (that lineage) as the field of ritual obligation.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Yonyantara’ suggests consciousness traversing forms; śrāddha becomes a ‘bridge’ mechanism, transmitting subtle sustenance through the lineage-thread (kula-sūtra).