Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 26, Shloka 25

Adhyaya 26 — Madālasa Names Alarka and Reorients Him Toward Kshatriya Duty

Sanskrit

तञ्चापि सा सुतं सुभ्रूर्यथा पूर्वसुतांस्तथा /

प्रोवाच बोधजननं तामुवाच स पार्थिवः

Transliteration

tañ cāpi sā sutaṃ subhrūr yathā pūrvasutāṃs tathā | provāca bodhajananaṃ tām uvāca sa pārthivaḥ ||

Translation

ແລ້ວນາງຜູ້ມີຄິ້ວງາມນັ້ນ ໄດ້ສອນລູກຊາຍຄົນນັ້ນດ້ວຍ—ເຊັ່ນດຽວກັບທີ່ນາງເຄີຍສອນລູກຊາຍກ່ອນໜ້າ—ໂດຍຖ້ອຍຄໍາທີ່ປຸກໃຫ້ເກີດປັນຍາ; ແລະພຣະຣາຊາກໍໄດ້ກ່າວກັບນາງ (ຕໍ່ມາ).

Word by Word

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: सम्भावना/अपि-कार (also/even particle)

• sā: she
• sā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• sutam: son
• sutam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• subhrūḥ: the fair-browed lady
• subhrūḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: su-bhrū (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः: su (good) + bhrū (eyebrow) = 'she of beautiful eyebrows'

• yathā: as, just like
• yathā: Prakāra (प्रकार/Manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमान/प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (comparative/correlative adverb)

• pūrva-sutān: the former sons
• pūrva-sutān: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pūrva-suta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः: pūrva (former) + sutān (sons)

• tathā: so, likewise
• tathā: Prakāra (प्रकार/Manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (correlative adverb)

• provāca: said, addressed
• provāca: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-vac (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• bodha-jananam: awakening-producing instruction
• bodha-jananam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bodha-janana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; समासः: bodha (awakening/understanding) + janana (producing)

• tām: to her
• tām: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• pārthivaḥ: the king
• pārthivaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pārthiva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

Speakers

• Narrative voice; Mādālasā teaching; king responding

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Pedagogy of awakening (bodha)
• Maternal guru role
• Repetition of liberating instruction
• Householder setting with renunciant wisdom

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

True education is that which generates bodha (awakening), not merely social identity. The household can be a seat of liberation-oriented instruction when guided by wisdom.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic narrative episode; not directly sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

The repeated ‘bodha-generating’ teaching indicates a deliberate saṃskāra-transformation: replacing worldly imprinting (name/role) with self-knowledge imprinting (ātma-bodha).