Shloka 57

Adhyaya 21 — Householder's Dharma

Sanskrit

चन्द्रमेवाधिका कान्तिः समुपैति रविं प्रभा ।

भूतिर्धन्यं धृतिर्धोरं क्षान्तिरभ्येति चोत्तमम् ॥

Transliteration

candram evādhikā kāntiḥ samupaiti raviṃ prabhā | bhūtir dhanyaṃ dhṛtir dhoraṃ kṣāntir abhyeti cottamam ||

Translation

«ຄວາມງາມອັນຍິ່ງໃຫຍ່ມາດັ່ງດວງຈັນ; ຄວາມສະຫວ່າງໄສເຂົ້າມາດັ່ງດວງອາທິດ. ຄວາມຮັ່ງມີ ແລະ ພອນມົງຄຸນມາເຖິງ; ຄວາມກ້າຫານອັນນ່າຢ້ານກໍເກີດຂຶ້ນ; ແລະ ຄວາມອົດທົນບັນລຸສູງສຸດ»។

Word by Word

• candram: the moon
• candram: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: candra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• eva: indeed, just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• adhikā: greater, superior
• adhikā: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: adhika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; kāntiḥ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• kāntiḥ: splendour, beauty
• kāntiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kānti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• samupaiti: approaches, attains
• samupaiti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-upa-√i (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• ravim: the sun
• ravim: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ravi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• prabhā: radiance, light
• prabhā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prabhā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• bhūtiḥ: prosperity, success
• bhūtiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• dhanyam: auspicious, blessed (thing)
• dhanyam: Karma (कर्म/Object; implied)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dhanya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा, एकवचन; (फल/वस्तु) इत्यध्याहार्यं, ‘धन्यं (फलम्)’ इव

• dhṛtiḥ: steadfastness, resolve
• dhṛtiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ghoram: terrible (thing)
• ghoram: Karma (कर्म/Object; implied)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ghora (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा, एकवचन; (दुःखम्/भयम्) इत्यध्याहार्यं, ‘घोरं (दुःखम्)’ इव

• kṣāntiḥ: forbearance, patience
• kṣāntiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṣānti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• abhyeti: approaches, reaches
• abhyeti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-√i (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (conjunction)

• uttamam: the highest (state/thing)
• uttamam: Karma (कर्म/Object; implied)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा, एकवचन; (पदम्/स्थानम्/फलम्) इत्यध्याहार्यं

Speakers

• Contextual praise within the Kuṇḍala–prince–Madālasā episode (exact speaker not explicit from verse alone)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Candra
• Sūrya

Key Themes

• Virtues
• Auspiciousness
• Fortitude (dhṛti)
• Patience (kṣānti)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse stacks classical ‘royal’ and ‘householder’ virtues—splendor, prosperity, fortitude, patience—implying that dharmic resolve yields both inner excellence and outer auspiciousness.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ethical-ornamental narration rather than cosmology or genealogy; it is ancillary to vaṃśānucarita-type storytelling (conduct and outcomes).

What is the esoteric significance?

Moon/sun imagery encodes complementary qualities: soothing attraction (candra-kānti) and burning clarity (ravi-prabhā); together they symbolize balanced excellence—gentleness with power.