Shloka 41

Adhyaya 18 — Arjuna Declines the Throne; Garga Directs Him to Dattatreya; The Gods Defeat the Daityas through Dattatreya’s Vision and the Movement of Lakshmi

Sanskrit

ते तां दृष्ट्वाग्रतो दैत्याḥ साभिलाषा मनोभवम् ।

न शेषुरुद्धतं धैर्यान्मनसा वोढुमातुराः ॥

Transliteration

te tāṃ dṛṣṭvāgrato daityāḥ sābhilāṣā manobhavam | na śeṣur uddhataṃ dhairyān manasā voḍhum āturāḥ ||

Translation

ເມື່ອເຫັນນາງຢູ່ຕໍ່ໜ້າ ພວກໄດຕະຍະຜູ້ເຕັມໄປດ້ວຍຄວາມປາຖະໜາ ຖືກຕັນຫາກະທົບ; ພວກເຂົາບໍ່ອາດຢືນຢັນໄດ້ ເນື່ອງຈາກທົນບໍ່ໄຫວຕໍ່ຄວາມເຮັດໃຈພຸ້ງພານໃນຈິດ.

Word by Word

• ते: they
• ते: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ताम्: her
• ताम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/अव्ययभाव), indeclinable verbal form

• अग्रतः: in front
• अग्रतः: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: agratas (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• दैत्याः: the Daityas/demons
• दैत्याः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daitya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• साभिलाषाः: full of longing
• साभिलाषाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa-abhilāṣa (प्रातिपदिक: sa + abhilāṣa)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); 'with desire'

• मनोभवम्: love/desire (lit. mind-born; Kāma)
• मनोभवम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manobhava (प्रातिपदिक: manas + bhava)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/अव्यय-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-निपात)

• शेषुः: remained/held back
• शेषुः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śī (धातु; to lie/rest)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• उद्धतम्: arrogant/impetuous
• उद्धतम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: uddhata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies (धैर्यम्) understood

• धैर्यात्: from firmness/self-control
• धैर्यात्: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhairya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• मनसा: with the mind
• मनसा: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• वोढुम्: to bear/withstand
• वोढुम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vah (धातु; to carry)
• Form: Infinitive (तुमुन्/तुमर्थ), active sense

• आतुराः: distressed/agitated
• आतुराः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ātura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); qualifies दैत्याḥ

Speakers

• Garga (narrator) within the Markandeya Purana’s narrative frame

Primary Deities

• Kāma (implicit as manobhava)

Shakti Aspects

• Not applicable (psychology of kāma emphasized)

Key Themes

• Kāma
• Loss of self-control
• Mental agitation
• Ethical fall

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Unrestrained desire destabilizes discernment (viveka). The Daityas’ inability to ‘bear it in the mind’ marks the inner defeat that precedes outer wrongdoing.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic narrative illustrating dharma through psychology; not a pancalakṣaṇa enumerative section.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Manobhava’ indicates that bondage begins as a mental construction. The ‘turbulence’ is the prāṇic/psychic disturbance that arises when attention collapses into craving.