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Shloka 22

धर्मस्य बहुद्वारत्वम् — Nārada’s Audience with Indra (Śānti-parva 340)

सत्त्वं रजस्तमश्वैव न गुणास्तं भजन्ति वै । यश्न सर्वगतः साक्षी लोकस्यात्मेति कथ्यते

sattvaṁ rajas tamaś caiva na guṇās taṁ bhajanti vai | yaś ca sarvagataḥ sākṣī lokasyātmeti kathyate ||

ພີດສະມະ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ສັດຕະວະ, ຣະຊັສ, ແລະ ຕະມັສ—ຄຸນທັງສາມນີ້ ບໍ່ອາດຄອບງຳ ຫຼືຈຳກັດ ອາດຕະມາສູງສຸດນັ້ນໄດ້. ພຣະອົງຖືກພັນລະນາວ່າ ແຜ່ຊຶມທົ່ວທຸກແຫ່ງ, ເປັນພະຍານພາຍໃນ, ແລະເປັນອາດຕະມາຂອງໂລກ. ໃນຄຳສອນນີ້ ພີດສະມະນຳໃຫ້ຜູ້ຟັງຫັນອອກຈາກການວັດຄ່າດ້ວຍອິນທຣີ ແລະວັດຖຸ ໄປສູ່ພື້ນຖານອັນບໍ່ພິນາດຂອງທັມມະ: ພຣະຜູ້ບໍ່ເກີດ, ນິລັນດອນ, ບໍ່ມີຄຸນ, ຜູ້ບໍ່ປ່ຽນແປງແມ່ນແມ່ນເມື່ອສັດທັງປວງພິນາດ—ພຣະອົງນັ້ນຄວນຮູ້ຈັກໃນນາມ ‘ວາສຸເທວະ’.»

सत्त्वम्sattva (purity/illumination)
सत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
रजःrajas (activity/passion)
रजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तमःtamas (darkness/inertia)
तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गुणाःthe qualities (gunas)
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तम्him/that (Supreme)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भजन्तिaffect/attach to; partake of
भजन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभज्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
वैindeed/truly
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वगतःall-pervading
सर्वगतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वगत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
साक्षीwitness
साक्षी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्षिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लोकस्यof the world
लोकस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
आत्माself/soul
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
कथ्यतेis said/called
कथ्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootकथ्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ā
Ātman (Self)
V
Vāsudeva (implied by the accompanying prose gloss)

Educational Q&A

The Supreme Self (Ātman/Brahman) is beyond prakṛti and its three guṇas. He is the all-pervading Witness and the Self of the world—unchanging, imperishable, and ultimately to be realized as Vāsudeva.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation and right understanding, Bhīṣma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira about the nature of the highest reality: not an object of the senses, not shaped by the guṇas, but the inner Witness that underlies the world.