Mahabharata 7.42.40 — Drona Parva, Adhyaya 42, Shloka 40

सैन्धवविक्रमवर्णनम् / Description of Jayadratha’s Martial Display

Devanagari script

अभ्यद्रवन्‌ परीप्सन्तो व्यूढानीका: प्रहारिण: । संजयने कहा--राजन! युधिष्ठिर

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

abhyadravan parīpsanto vyūḍhānīkāḥ prahāriṇaḥ |

Translation

ສັນຊະຍະ ກ່າວວ່າ: ດ້ວຍໃຈປາຖະໜາຈະໃຫ້ສຳເລັດເປົ້າໝາຍ ບັນດານັກຮົບ—ຈັດກອງທັບເປັນວິວະຫະ ແລະພ້ອມຈະຟັນຟາດ—ໄດ້ພຸ່ງໄປຂ້າງໜ້າ. ໃນບໍລິບົດນີ້ ການພຸ່ງຂອງເຂົາເຈົ້າສະທ້ອນຄວາມຮີບດ່ວນແລະໜ້າທີ່ຂອງຝ່າຍປານດະວະ ທີ່ຈະຝ່າເຂົ້າໄປໃນວິວະຫະຂອງສັດຕູເພື່ອປົກປ້ອງອະພິມັນຍຸ ແມ່ນແມ່ນວ່າຈະສ່ຽງອັນຕະລາຍຫນັກ ແລະສະແດງວ່າຄວາມຈົ່ງຮັກແລະຄວາມຮັບຜິດຊອບໃນສົງຄາມ ອາດບັງຄັບໃຫ້ເກີດການກະທຳທີ່ວ່ອງໄວ ແລະປະສານກັນ.

Word by Word

• अभ्यद्रवन्: ran towards / charged
• अभ्यद्रवन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि+द्रु (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), 3, Plural, Parasmaipada

• परीप्सन्तः: desiring / seeking
• परीप्सन्तः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परीप्स् (धातु) / परीप्सन्त् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• व्यूढ-अनीकाः: with arrayed formations / with marshalled troops
• व्यूढ-अनीकाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्यूढ (कृदन्त) + अनीक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रहारिणः: strikers / assailants
• प्रहारिणः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रहारिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Bhīmasena
• Śikhaṇḍī
• Sātyaki
• Nakula
• Sahadeva
• Dhṛṣṭadyumna
• Virāṭa
• Drupada
• Kekaya princes
• Dhṛṣṭaketu
• Matsya warriors
• Abhimanyu
• vyūha (battle formation)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

In a dharmic crisis, responsibility toward allies and kin demands decisive, coordinated action. The verse highlights disciplined readiness (troops in formation) joined with moral urgency (seeking to protect and accomplish a just objective), illustrating how duty and loyalty shape conduct even amid violent conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes the Pandava-aligned warriors surging forward in organized battle-array, intent on forcing entry into the enemy’s formation. The surrounding narrative (as reflected in the accompanying prose) frames this as an urgent attempt to follow the path into the vyūha to safeguard Abhimanyu.