Brahma Purana — The Two Vedic Paths: Karma, Knowledge, and the Inner Self (Adhyatma), Shloka 19
Devanagari script
तमो रजश् च सत्त्वं च ज्ञेयं जीवगुणात्मकम् जीवम् आत्मगुणं विद्याद् आत्मानं परमात्मनः //
Translation
ຂໍ້ນີ້ມີແຕ່ເລກ «19» ໂດຍບໍ່ມີຂໍ້ຄວາມສັນສະກຣິດ ຈຶ່ງບໍ່ສາມາດແປຄວາມໄດ້.
Word by Word
tamaḥdarkness (tamas)
tamaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottamas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
rajaḥactivity/passion (rajas)
rajaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrajas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)
sattvampurity/clarity (sattva)
sattvam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsattva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)
jñeyamto be known / knowable
jñeyam:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootjñā (धातु) → jñeya (कृदन्त, यत्-प्रत्यय)
FormGerundive/obligatory participle (यत्-कृदन्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); predicative
jīva-guṇa-ātmakamhaving the nature of the jīva’s qualities
jīva-guṇa-ātmakam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootjīva (प्रातिपदिक) + guṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa compound; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन), agreeing with jñeyam (as predicate)
jīvamthe living being (jīva)
jīvam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootjīva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
ātma-guṇamhaving the qualities of the self
ātma-guṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक) + guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), agreeing with jīvam
vidyātone should know
vidyāt:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvid (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
ātmānamthe self
ātmānam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
parama-ātmanaḥof the Supreme Self
parama-ātmanaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootparama (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya compound (कर्मधारय) ‘supreme self’; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
Speaker
Didactic exposition within the chapter; no direct addressee named in this verse