Agni Purana — Kosha, Shloka 13

Chapter 360 — अव्ययवर्गाः

Groups of Indeclinables

Devanagari script

नाम प्राकाश्यसम्भाव्यक्रोधोपगमकुत्सने अलं भूषणपर्याप्तिशक्तिवारणवाचकम्

Transliteration

nāma prākāśyasambhāvyakrodhopagamakutsane alaṃ bhūṣaṇaparyāptiśaktivāraṇavācakam

Translation

ຄໍາບໍ່ຜັນ «nāma» ສະແດງນັຍ: ເຮັດໃຫ້ປາກົດ/ເປີດເຜີຍ, ຄວາມເປັນໄປໄດ້, ຄວາມໂກດ, ການຍອມຮັບ, ແລະ ການຕໍານິ. ສ່ວນ «alam» ໃຊ້ໝາຍເຖິງ ການປະດັບ, ຄວາມພໍພຽງ, ຄວາມສາມາດ, ແລະ ການຫ້າມ/ກັ້ນຂວາງ.

Word by Word

• नाम: namely/indeed/so-called
• नाम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle); प्रसिद्ध्यर्थ/उदाहरणार्थ/सम्भावनार्थेषु

• प्राकाश्यसम्भाव्यक्रोधोपगमकुत्सने: in publicity, possibility, anger, assent/acceptance, and censure
• प्राकाश्यसम्भाव्यक्रोधोपगमकुत्सने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्राकाश्य-सम्भाव्य-क्रोध-उपगम-कुत्सन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-एकवचन (Loc. sg.); समाहार-द्वन्द्वः (प्राकाश्यं च सम्भाव्यं च क्रोधः च उपगमः च कुत्सनं च)

• अलम्: enough; also: as an ornament/able to/stop
• अलम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अलम् (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात/अव्यय; पर्याप्त्यर्थे/भूषणार्थे/शक्त्यर्थे/वारणार्थे

• भूषणपर्याप्तिशक्तिवारणवाचकम्: denoting ornament, sufficiency, ability, or prevention
• भूषणपर्याप्तिशक्तिवारणवाचकम्: Visheshana (विशेषण/adjectival predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भूषण-पर्याप्ति-शक्ति-वारण-वाचक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-एकवचन (Nom./Acc. sg.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (भूषणस्य/पर्याप्तेः/शक्तेः/वारणस्य वाचकः)

Speaker

Lord Agni (instructing the sage Vasiṣṭha)

Vidya Category

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Vyakarana","secondary_vidya":"Alamkara","practical_application":"Use 'nāma' and 'alam' with correct pragmatic force in dialogue, commentary, and poetry—signaling disclosure, possibility, anger, assent, censure; and ornament, sufficiency, capability, or prohibition.","sutra_style":true}

Encyclopedic Reference

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Avyaya-artha: nāma; alam","lookup_keywords":["nāma","alam","avyaya-artha","kutsana","paryapti"],"quick_summary":"'Nāma' is polysemous across disclosure/possibility/affect/assent/censure; 'alam' ranges from adornment to sufficiency, competence, and restraint—key for accurate interpretation."}

Kavya & Alamkara Layer

Alamkara Type: Vakrokti/arthantaranyasa potential (pragmatic particles shaping tone)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Small particles encode speaker-attitude (bhāva) and discourse function; meaning is not only referential but pragmatic.

Application: When translating/commenting, render 'nāma' sometimes as ‘indeed/so-called/you know’ depending on anger/assent/censure; render 'alam' as ‘enough/stop’ (prohibition) vs ‘sufficient’ (paryāpti) vs ‘capable’ (śakti).

Khanda Section

Khanda Section: Vyakarana / Nama-varga (Lexicography and grammatical semantics)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: hasya

Visual Art Cues

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A semantic chart contrasts 'nāma' (disclosure, possibility, anger, assent, censure) and 'alam' (ornament, sufficiency, capability, prohibition) with small vignettes of each usage.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, two-column panel: left 'नाम' with five small narrative icons (announcement, pondering possibility, angry face, nodding assent, pointing in censure); right 'अलम्' with four icons (adornment, full vessel for sufficiency, strong arm for capability, raised palm for prohibition).","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore style with gold borders, central manuscript page titled 'नाम/अलम्', inset gilded motifs: jewelry (bhūṣaṇa), filled granary (paryāpti), warrior’s arm (śakti), stop-gesture (vāraṇa).","mysore_prompt":"Mysore instructional painting, neatly labeled infographic of senses with arrows and short Sanskrit glosses, teacher pointing to 'नाम' and 'अलम्'.","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature of a scribe’s workshop; marginal mini-scenes depict the pragmatic tones of 'nāma' and 'alam', with elegant cartouches for each sense."}

Audio Atmosphere

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Kalyani","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: प्राकाश्य+सम्भाव्य+क्रोध+उपगम+कुत्सने → समाहार-द्वन्द्व समास; भूषण+पर्याप्ति+शक्ति+वारण+वाचकम् → तत्पुरुष-समास (वाचक-प्रधान)

Cross References

Related Themes: Agni Purana 360 (avyaya-varga continuation)

Characters & Entities

• Agni Purana
• nāma
• alam
• Vyākaraṇa

FAQs

What technical or ritual knowledge (Vidya) is imparted in this verse?

It imparts Vyākaraṇa-vidyā: the precise semantic functions of the indeclinables “nāma” and “alam,” useful for correct interpretation and composition of Sanskrit sentences.

How does this verse contribute to the 'Encyclopedic' nature of the Agni Purana?

By cataloging grammatical and lexicographic meanings of common particles, the Agni Purana functions not only as a mythic text but also as a compact reference manual for Sanskrit semantics and scholastic learning.

What is the spiritual or karmic significance of this specific instruction?

Accurate understanding of śabda (word) and artha (meaning) supports correct recitation, study, and teaching of sacred texts; such disciplined learning is traditionally regarded as a purifying merit (puṇya) and an aid to right knowledge.