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Shloka 40

पापभेदवर्णनम्

Classification of Sins / Taxonomy of Pāpa

यश्चोचितमतिक्रम्य स्वेच्छयै वाहरेत्करम् । नरके पच्यते सोऽपि योपि दण्डरुचिर्नरः

yaścocitamatikramya svecchayai vāharetkaram | narake pacyate so'pi yopi daṇḍarucirnaraḥ

ಯೋಗ್ಯ ಮಿತಿಯನ್ನು ಮೀರಿ ತನ್ನ ಇಚ್ಛೆಯಂತೆ ತೆರಿಗೆ ವಸೂಲಿಸುವವನು ನರಕದಲ್ಲಿ ದಹಿಸಲ್ಪಡುತ್ತಾನೆ; ದಂಡದಲ್ಲೇ ಆಸಕ್ತಿ ಹೊಂದಿದವನೂ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾತನೆ ಅನುಭವಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ।

यःwho
यः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चय (conjunction)
उचितम्what is proper
उचितम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootउचित (प्रातिपदिक; from वच्/उच्? in usage ‘proper’)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन; ‘उचित’ = proper/appropriate
अतिक्रम्यhaving transgressed
अतिक्रम्य:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअति + क्रम् (धातु)
Formल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), ‘having transgressed/overstepped’
स्वेच्छयाby one’s own will
स्वेच्छया:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वेच्छा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), एकवचन
एवindeed, just
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अवधारण (emphatic particle)
आहरेत्should take/collect
आहरेत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootआ + हृ (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
करम्tax, levy
करम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन
नरकेin hell
नरके:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootनरक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन
पच्यतेis cooked/tormented
पच्यते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootपच् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि/भावे प्रयोग (passive-like: ‘is tormented/burned’)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चय/अपवाद (particle: also/even)
यःwho
यः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चय (particle)
दण्ड-रुचिःone who delights in punishment
दण्ड-रुचिः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदण्ड (प्रातिपदिक) + रुचि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (fond of punishment)
नरःman
नरः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

Suta Goswami (narrating the Shiva Purana’s teaching on dharma and governance to the sages)

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Mahādeva

FAQs

It teaches that adharmic power—taking wealth unlawfully or punishing out of cruelty—binds the soul (paśu) with pāśa (karmic fetters), leading to painful consequences until purified by dharma and devotion to Pati (Śiva).

Linga worship in the Shiva Purana is not only ritual but also moral alignment: honoring Saguna Shiva as the righteous Lord implies living by fairness and restraint; injustice contradicts Shiva’s dharmic order and obstructs grace.

Practice daily self-audit (dharma-smaraṇa) with japa of the Panchakshara—“Om Namaḥ Śivāya”—seeking forgiveness for harm done and cultivating non-cruelty and fairness in action.