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Shloka 30

Dharma-śaṅkā-nivāraṇa: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Response on Karma-Phala and Trust in Dharma

इष्टापूर्तफलं न स्यान्न शिष्यो न गुरुर्भवेत्‌ । पुरुष: कर्मसाध्येषु स्याच्चेदयमकारणम्‌,यदि कर्मसाध्य फलोंमें पुरुष (एवं उसका प्रयत्न) कारण न होता अर्थात्‌ वह कर्ता नहीं बनता तो किसीको यज्ञ और कूपनिर्माण आदि कर्मोंका फल नहीं मिलता। फिर तो न कोई किसीका शिष्य होता और न गुरु ही

iṣṭāpūrtaphalaṁ na syān na śiṣyo na gurur bhavet | puruṣaḥ karmasādhyeṣu syāc ced ayam akāraṇam ||

ಯುಧಿಷ್ಠಿರನು ಹೇಳಿದನು— “ಪ್ರಯತ್ನದಿಂದ ಸಿದ್ಧವಾಗುವ ಫಲಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪುರುಷನು (ಮತ್ತು ಅವನ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ) ಕಾರಣವಾಗದೆ—ಅವನು ಕರ್ತನಾಗದೆ—ಇದ್ದರೆ, ಯಜ್ಞಗಳು ಹಾಗೂ ಬಾವಿ ತೋಡುವಂತಹ ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ಹಿತಕಾರ್ಯಗಳ ಫಲ ಯಾರಿಗೂ ದೊರಕುತ್ತಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಆಗ ಯಾರೂ ಯಾರ ಶಿಷ್ಯನಾಗಿರಲಾರರು; ಗುರುವೂ ಇರಲಾರನು.”

इष्टापूर्तफलम्the fruit of iṣṭa-and-pūrta (sacrificial and charitable works)
इष्टापूर्तफलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइष्टापूर्तफल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्यात्would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शिष्यःa disciple
शिष्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
nor
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गुरुःa teacher
गुरुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would become / would exist
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पुरुषःa person (agent)
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कर्मसाध्येषुin (things) achievable by action / in action-dependent matters
कर्मसाध्येषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्मसाध्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
स्यात्would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अकारणम्without being a cause / causeless
अकारणम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअकारण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
Ś
śiṣya (disciple)
G
guru (teacher)
I
iṣṭa (sacrifice)
P
pūrta (public works such as wells)

Educational Q&A

The verse argues for human moral agency: when results are action-dependent, the person’s effort must be a real cause. Otherwise, merit from sacrifice and charity would be impossible, and even the social-ethical structure of learning (teacher and disciple) would collapse.

Yudhiṣṭhira is reasoning about causality and responsibility in dharma: he uses examples of ritual merit (iṣṭa) and public benefaction (pūrta) to show that denying human agency makes ethical practice and the guru–śiṣya relationship meaningless.