Shloka 46

Adhyāya 240: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman — The Inner Hierarchy and Restraint (इन्द्रिय-मनस्-बुद्धि-आत्म-क्रमः)

Devanagari script

सत्त्वसंसेवनाद धीरो निद्रामुच्छेत्तुमरहति । विद्वानोंने योगके जो काम

Transliteration

sattvasaṃsevanād dhīro nidrām ucchettum arhati | vidvān yoge ye kāma-krodha-lobha-bhayaṃ ca pañcamaṃ svapnam—ime pañca doṣā uktās teṣāṃ pūrṇatayā ucchedaṃ kuryāt | teṣu krodhaṃ śamena jayet, kāmaṃ saṅkalpatyāgena parājayet, tathā dhīraḥ sattvaguṇasaṃsevanena nidrāyā ucchedaṃ kartum arhati ||

Translation

ವ್ಯಾಸನು ಹೇಳಿದನು— ಸತ್ತ್ವಸೇವನೆಯಿಂದ ಧೀರನು ನಿದ್ರೆಯನ್ನು ಛೇದಿಸಲು ಯೋಗ್ಯನಾಗುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಯೋಗವಿದರ ಮತದಲ್ಲಿ ಐದು ದೋಷಗಳು— ಕಾಮ, ಕ್ರೋಧ, ಲೋಭ, ಭಯ ಮತ್ತು ಐದನೆಯದು ಸ್ವಪ್ನ; ಇವೆಲ್ಲವನ್ನೂ ಬೇರುಸಹಿತ ಉಚ್ಚೇದಿಸಬೇಕು. ಇವುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಕ್ರೋಧವನ್ನು ಶಮದಿಂದ ಜಯಿಸಬೇಕು; ಕಾಮವನ್ನು ಸಂಕಲ್ಪತ್ಯಾಗದಿಂದ ಪರಾಭವಗೊಳಿಸಬೇಕು. ಹೀಗೆ ಸತ್ತ್ವದ ನಿರಂತರ ಆಶ್ರಯದಿಂದ ಧೀರನು ನಿದ್ರೆಯನ್ನು ನಿಯಂತ್ರಿಸಿ ಯೋಗದ ವಿಘ್ನವನ್ನು ನಿವಾರಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ.

Word by Word

• {'sattva-saṃsevana': 'cultivation/association with sattva

• nurturing clarity, balance, purity', 'dhīra': 'steadfast, composed, resolute person', 'nidrā': 'sleep

• also a tamasic obstacle to wakeful discipline', 'ucchettum / uccheda': 'to cut off, uproot, eradicate', 'arhati': 'is fit/qualified

• is capable', 'vidvān': 'a learned, wise person', 'yoga': 'discipline of integration

• meditative and ethical practice', 'kāma': 'desire, craving', 'krodha': 'anger', 'lobha': 'greed', 'bhaya': 'fear', 'svapna': 'dreaming

• mental projections during sleep', 'doṣa': 'fault, defect, moral/psychological blemish', 'śama': 'calmness

• control of mind', 'saṅkalpa-tyāga': 'abandonment of saṅkalpa

• renunciation of craving-driven intentions and mental constructions', 'jayet': 'should conquer', 'parājayet': 'should defeat, overcome'}

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches inner conquest as the basis of yoga: uproot five defects—desire, anger, greed, fear, and dreaming—by specific disciplines (anger through śama, desire through abandoning saṅkalpa), and cultivate sattva to overcome sleep as an obstacle to spiritual practice.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the instruction-heavy Shānti Parva context, Vyāsa is presenting practical yogic-ethical guidance: identifying key psychological obstacles and prescribing methods to subdue them, emphasizing sattva as the supportive quality for wakeful, disciplined practice.