Shloka 41

धृष्टद्युम्नस्य द्रोणरथारोহণं सात्यकेः प्रतिरक्षणं च | Dhrishtadyumna Boards Droṇa’s Chariot; Sātyaki’s Counter-Protection

Devanagari script

यः पुरा बोध्यते सुप्त: सूतमागधवन्दिभि:

Transliteration

yaḥ purā bodhyate suptaḥ sūtamāgadhavandibhiḥ

Translation

ಹಿಂದೆ, ನಿದ್ರಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದರೂ ಅವನನ್ನು ಸೂತರು, ಮಾಘಧರು ಮತ್ತು ವಂದಿಗಳು ಎಬ್ಬಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು.

Word by Word

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• पुरा: formerly, earlier
• पुरा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरा

• बोध्यते: is awakened, is made to know
• बोध्यते: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: बुध्
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), प्रथम, एकवचन, कर्मणि (passive)

• सुप्तः: sleeping
• सुप्तः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुप्त (√स्वप्-क्त, कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सूत: by bards/charioteers (sūtas)
• सूत: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूत
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन (समाहार/समुच्चयार्थे)

• मागध: by Magadha panegyrists
• मागध: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मागध
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन (समाहार/समुच्चयार्थे)

• वन्दिभिः: by eulogists/praisers
• वन्दिभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन्दिन्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• sūta (charioteer/royal herald)
• māgadha (court-bard)
• vandi (panegyrist)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The line evokes the contrast between former royal comfort—being ceremonially awakened by attendants and bards—and the harsh reversal brought by war, underscoring impermanence of worldly status and the ethical gravity of conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya begins a descriptive recollection, pointing to a person who once lived amid courtly honors, introduced through the image of being awakened by sūtas, māgadhas, and vandis—setting up a comparison with the present wartime situation.