Shloka 31

धृष्टद्युम्नस्य द्रोणरथारोহণं सात्यकेः प्रतिरक्षणं च | Dhrishtadyumna Boards Droṇa’s Chariot; Sātyaki’s Counter-Protection

Devanagari script

कृतज्ञं ज्ञानसम्पन्नं कृतास्त्रमनिवर्तिनम्‌ | युद्धाभिनन्दिनं नित्यं द्विषतां भयवर्धनम्‌

Transliteration

kṛtajñaṃ jñānasampannaṃ kṛtāstram anivartinam | yuddhābhinandinaṃ nityaṃ dviṣatāṃ bhayavardhanam

Translation

ಅವನು ಕೃತಜ್ಞ, ಜ್ಞಾನಸಂಪನ್ನ, ಅಸ್ತ್ರವಿದ್ಯೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ತರಬೇತಿ ಪಡೆದವನು, ಎಂದಿಗೂ ಹಿಂತಿರುಗದವನು. ಯುದ್ಧವನ್ನು ನಿತ್ಯ ಅಭಿನಂದಿಸುವವನು; ಶತ್ರುಗಳ ಭಯವನ್ನು ಸದಾ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿಸುವವನು.

Word by Word

• कृतज्ञम्: grateful
• कृतज्ञम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृतज्ञ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• ज्ञानसम्पन्नम्: endowed with knowledge
• ज्ञानसम्पन्नम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्ञानसम्पन्न
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• कृतास्त्रम्: trained in weapons (having mastered weapons)
• कृतास्त्रम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृतास्त्र
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अनिवर्तिनम्: unretreating, not turning back
• अनिवर्तिनम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनिवर्तिन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• युद्धाभिनन्दिनम्: one who delights in battle
• युद्धाभिनन्दिनम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युद्धाभिनन्दिन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• नित्यम्: always
• नित्यम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य

• द्विषताम्: of the enemies (of those who hate)
• द्विषताम्: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विषत्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• भयवर्धनम्: increasing fear
• भयवर्धनम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भयवर्धन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse praises a warrior’s virtues—gratitude, wisdom, mastery of arms, and steadfastness—while implicitly showing the ethical tension of war: the same admired qualities in a kṣatriya can also magnify fear and suffering for others.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya is characterizing a formidable fighter in the Drona Parva context, emphasizing his unwavering courage and skill in battle and the terror he inspires in opponents, as part of the ongoing war report to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.