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Shloka 36

Phala of Vrata, Niyama, Svādhyāya, Dama, Satya, Brahmacarya, and Service (व्रत-नियम-स्वाध्याय-दम-सत्य-ब्रह्मचर्य-शुश्रूषा-फलप्रश्नः)

गुर्वर्थ वा बालपुष्ट्याभिषंगां गां वै दातुं देशकालो<विशिष्ट: । अन्तर्ज्ाता: सक्रयज्ञानलब्धा: प्राणक्रीता निर्जिता यौतकाश्ष

gurvartha vā bālapuṣṭyābhiṣaṅgāṁ gāṁ vai dātuṁ deśa-kālo viśiṣṭaḥ | antarjātāḥ sakraya-jñāna-labdhāḥ prāṇa-krītā nirjitā yautakāś ca ||

ಭೀಷ್ಮನು ಹೇಳಿದರು—ಗುರುವಿನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ಕಾಗಿ, ಅಥವಾ ಮಕ್ಕಳ ಪೋಷಣೆ-ಹಿತದ ಮೇಲಿನ ಸ्नेಹದಿಂದ, ಯೋಗ್ಯ ದೇಶ-ಕಾಲವನ್ನು ಪಾಲಿಸಿ ಗೋವನ್ನು ದಾನಮಾಡುವುದು ವಿಶೇಷವಾಗಿ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತ. ಅಂಥ ಗೋವುಗಳು ಸ್ವಂತ ಹಿಂಡಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಹುಟ್ಟಿದವುಗಳಾಗಿರಬಹುದು; ವಿಧಿಪೂರ್ವಕವಾಗಿ ಖರೀದಿಸಿ, ಸ್ವಾಮ್ಯ-ಜ್ಞಾನসহ ಪಡೆದವುಗಳಾಗಿರಬಹುದು; ಪ್ರಾಣದ ಬೆಲೆಗೆ (ಅತಿಕಷ್ಟದಿಂದ) ಸಂಪಾದಿಸಿದವುಗಳಾಗಿರಬಹುದು; ಜಯದಿಂದ ಪಡೆದವುಗಳಾಗಿರಬಹುದು; ಅಥವಾ ಯೌತಕವಾಗಿ (ವಿವಾಹ-ಉಪಹಾರ/ದಹೇಜ) ಬಂದವುಗಳಾಗಿರಬಹುದು.

गुरु-अर्थम्for the sake of the teacher
गुरु-अर्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु + अर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
बाल-पुष्टि-अभिषङ्गाम्one attached to child-nourishment (a milch-cow kept for calves)
बाल-पुष्टि-अभिषङ्गाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबाल + पुष्टि + अभिषङ्ग
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गाम्a cow
गाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
दातुम्to give
दातुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (दाने)
Formतुमुन्
देश-कालःplace and time (the proper occasion)
देश-कालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेश + काल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विशिष्टःis distinguished/specially prescribed
विशिष्टः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविशिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्तर्जाताःborn within (the household)
अन्तर्जाताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्तर्जात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सक्रय-ज्ञान-लब्धाःobtained by knowledge that is with purchase/fee (i.e., acquired for a price)
सक्रय-ज्ञान-लब्धाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसक्रय + ज्ञान + लब्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राण-क्रीताःbought with life (at the cost of life)
प्राण-क्रीताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राण + क्रीत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निर्जिताःwon/conquered
निर्जिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्जित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यौतकाश्चand those received as marriage-gifts/dowry
यौतकाश्च:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयौतका + च
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
G
guru (teacher/preceptor)
C
cow (go)
Y
yautaka (marriage-gift/dowry)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma emphasizes that gifting a cow (go-dāna) is a meritorious act when done with deśa-kāla propriety, especially for honoring one’s guru and for the welfare of children; he also notes ethically legitimate sources of such a gift (home-bred, lawfully purchased, hard-won, conquered, or received as yautaka).

In Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma continues advising on charitable giving, specifying when and why cow-gifts are appropriate and listing acceptable ways a donor may have acquired the cow to be given.