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Mahabharata — Adi Parva, Shloka 34

कृपकृपी-जननम्

The Birth of Kṛpa and Kṛpī; Kṛpa’s Attainment of Astras

दत्त: क्रीतः कृत्रिमश्न॒ उपगच्छेत्‌ स्वयं च यः । सहोढो ज्ञातिरेताश्व हीनयोनिधृतश्च यः

dattaḥ krītaḥ kṛtrimāś ca upagacchet svayaṃ ca yaḥ | sahūḍho jñātiretāś ca hīnayoni-dhṛtaś ca yaḥ ||

ವೈಶಂಪಾಯನನು ಹೇಳಿದನು— ‘ಅಬಂಧು-ದಾಯಾದ’ ಎಂದು ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುವ ಆರು ವಿಧದ ಪುತ್ರರು ಇವರು: (1) ದತ್ತ—ತಾಯಿ-ತಂದೆಗಳು ವಿಧಿಪೂರ್ವಕವಾಗಿ ಒಪ್ಪಿಸಿದವನು; (2) ಕ್ರೀತ—ಧನ ನೀಡಿ ಖರೀದಿಸಿದವನು; (3) ಕೃತ್ರಿಮ—ತಾನೇ ಬಂದು ‘ನಾನು ನಿಮ್ಮ ಪುತ್ರ’ ಎಂದು ಹೇಳಿ ಆಶ್ರಯಿಸಿದವನು; (4) ಸಹೂಢ—ವಿವಾಹ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲೇ ಗರ್ಭವತಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದ ವಧುವಿನ ಗರ್ಭದಿಂದ ಜನಿಸಿದವನು; (5) ಜ್ಞಾತಿರೇತ—ಕುಲದ ಜ್ಞಾತಿಯಿಂದ ಉತ್ಪನ್ನ; (6) ಹೀನಯೋನಿಧೃತ—ತನ್ನಿಗಿಂತ ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಜಾತಿ/ವರ್ಣದ ಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಗರ್ಭದಿಂದ ಜನಿಸಿದವನು. ಇವರೆಲ್ಲ ಅಬಂಧು-ದಾಯಾದರು।

दत्तःgiven (son)
दत्तः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदत्त (√दा)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्रीतःbought (son)
क्रीतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्रीत (√क्री)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृत्रिमःadopted by request (artificial son)
कृत्रिमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृत्रिम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उपगच्छेत्should approach
उपगच्छेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-√गम्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्वयम्of oneself; personally
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सहोढःborn from a bride already pregnant (sahoḍha son)
सहोढः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसहोढ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञातिरेताःone begotten by a kinsman (kinsman-seed son)
ज्ञातिरेताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञाति-रेतस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अश्वहीनयोनिधृतःone borne by a woman of inferior womb/caste (son of a lower-born woman)
अश्वहीनयोनिधृतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व-हीन-योनि-धृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana

Educational Q&A

The verse classifies certain socially recognized forms of sonship that do not arise from direct blood descent, indicating how dharma-text traditions distinguished between biological lineage and legally/socially constituted heirs for purposes such as inheritance and family continuity.

Vaiśampāyana is enumerating categories of ‘sons’ acknowledged in traditional legal-ethical discourse, explaining which kinds are considered non-agnatic heirs (abandhu-dāyāda) and defining each type by the manner of acquisition or birth circumstances.