Agni Purana — Sahitya-shastra, Shloka 13
Chapter 342: शब्दालङ्काराः
Verbal/Sound-based Ornaments
द्वैविध्येनानयोः स्थानपादभेदाच्चतुर्विधम् आदिपादादिमध्यान्तेष्वेकद्वित्रिनियोगतः
dvaividhyenānayoḥ sthānapādabhedāccaturvidham ādipādādimadhyānteṣvekadvitriniyogataḥ
ಈ ಎರಡರ ದ್ವೈವಿಧ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಸ್ಥಾನ-ಪಾದಭೇದಗಳಿಂದ ಇದು ಚತುರ್ವಿಧವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಆದಿಪಾದದಲ್ಲಿಯೂ, ಆರಂಭ–ಮಧ್ಯ–ಅಂತ್ಯ ಸ್ಥಾನಗಳಲ್ಲಿಯೂ ಒಂದು, ಎರಡು, ಮೂರು ಘಟಕಗಳ ನಿಯೋಗದಿಂದ ಪ್ರಯೋಗವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
Lord Agni (narrating the śāstra-material in the Agni Purana)
Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Alamkara","secondary_vidya":"Natya","practical_application":"Systematically enumerate yamaka placements by pāda and by intra-pāda position (beginning/middle/end), enabling poets and commentators to label subtypes and design patterned verses.","sutra_style":true}
Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Yamaka positional taxonomy: pāda-sthāna-bheda → caturvidha; ekadvi-tri-niyoga","lookup_keywords":["yamaka","pāda","sthāna-bheda","caturvidha","niyoga"],"quick_summary":"From the two basic types, further division by position and pāda yields a fourfold scheme. Application is described via assigning one, two, or three occurrences across the initial pāda and within beginning/middle/end positions."}
Alamkara Type: Yamaka (positional bheda)
Concept: Complexity from simple binaries via parameterization (type × position × pāda × count).
Application: Create a checklist for analysis: identify type (avyapeta/vyapeta), then mark pāda and intra-pāda position, then count repetitions (1/2/3) to name the subtype.
Khanda Section: Sahitya-shastra (Chandas / Prosody and metrical analysis)
Primary Rasa: Adbhuta
Secondary Rasa: Shanta
Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A grid chart maps yamaka types against pādas and positions (ādi/madhya/anta), with counters 1–3 showing distribution; the teacher demonstrates how a verse is annotated by quarters.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, large schematic grid painted like a yantra, guru pointing with stylus, disciples chanting, strong reds/ochres, stylized palm-leaf notes","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, gold-bordered chart with fourfold divisions, ornate frame, scholar seated on a low seat, clear labels for ādi-madhya-anta and pāda markers","mysore_prompt":"Mysore style, crisp instructional diagram with numbered placements (1/2/3), soft pastel background, emphasis on legibility and pedagogy","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, a manuscript page with marginalia showing a fourfold classification table, scholars debating, fine calligraphy and ruled lines"}
Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Shankarabharanam","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}
Sandhi Resolution Notes: द्वैविध्येनानयोः = द्वैविध्येन + अनयोः; स्थानपादभेदाच्चतुर्विधम् = स्थानपादभेदात् + चतुर्विधम्; अन्तेष्वेकद्वित्रिनियोगतः = अन्तेषु + एकद्वित्रिनियोगतः
Related Themes: Agni Purana 342.12 (binary division); Agni Purana 342.15 (tri-fold within pāda; pādānta and kāñcī types)
FAQs
It teaches a technical rule from Sanskrit chandas: how metrical features are classified by twofold criteria and then expanded into four types based on position (sthāna) and quarter (pāda), with placement rules allowing one/two/three-unit assignments at the start, middle, or end.
Beyond myth and ritual, the Agni Purana preserves formal śāstric material such as prosody and poetics; this verse exemplifies its inclusion of precise analytical frameworks used in composing and evaluating Sanskrit verse.
Mastery of chandas supports accurate preservation and recitation of sacred and learned texts; correct metrical knowledge is traditionally linked with clarity of meaning, disciplined speech, and the merit of properly transmitted learning.