न वृत्तिलोपकश्चासीत्कूट साक्षी न चैव हि । न शठो न कृतघ्नश्च मलिनो नैव दृश्यते
na vṛttilopakaścāsītkūṭa sākṣī na caiva hi | na śaṭho na kṛtaghnaśca malino naiva dṛśyate
គ្មានអ្នកណាដកហូតជីវភាពរបស់អ្នកដទៃ និងគ្មានសាក្សីក្លែងក្លាយសោះ។ គ្មានអ្នកបោកបញ្ឆោត គ្មានអ្នកអកតញ្ញូ និងមិនឃើញមនុស្សចិត្តសៅហ្មងឡើយ។
Narrator (sectional voice; likely a Purāṇic narrator addressing a king)
Scene: A righteous court and marketplace: honest scales, fair wages, witnesses speaking truth, grateful disciples honoring benefactors; imagery of clean water and white garments symbolizing śauca.
Dharma manifests as social justice: truthful testimony, honest livelihood, gratitude, and inner purity.
None is named; the verse continues the praise of dharmic order within the Dharmāraṇya narrative.
None; it emphasizes moral prohibitions and virtues.