Rig Veda 7.61.4: Mandala 7, Sukta 61, Mantra 4

Sukta 7.61

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (Vasiṣṭha Maitrāvaruṇa tradition for Maṇḍala 7)

Devata: Mitra-Varuṇa (dual deities of harmony and cosmic law)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; RV 7 commonly Triṣṭubh in such praise-stanzas)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

शंसा मित्रस्य वरुणस्य धाम शुष्मो रोदसी बद्बधे महित्वा । अयन्मासा अयज्वनामवीराः प्र यज्ञमन्मा वृजनं तिराते ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 7.61.4

Transliteration

śáṃsā́ mitrásya váruṇasya dhā́ma śúṣmo ródasī badbadhe mahitvā́ | ayán-māsā́ áyajvanām avī́rāḥ prá yajñámanmā vṛjánam tirāte ||

Translation

I utter the praise of the dwelling-law (dhāman) of Mitra and Varuṇa; their mighty power has embraced Heaven and Earth by its greatness. The months move forward; but those who do not sacrifice, who are without the heroic force, are driven onward—away from the sacrificial will and across the perilous divided field.

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Word by Word

• शंसा: praise, hymn of praise
• शंसा: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शंस् (धातु) / शंसा (प्रातिपदिक)

• मित्रस्य: of Mitra
• मित्रस्य: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• वरुणस्य: of Varuṇa
• वरुणस्य: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरुण (प्रातिपदिक)

• धाम: abode; ordinance; splendor
• धाम: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धामन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• शुष्मः: might, vigor
• शुष्मः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुष्म (प्रातिपदिक)

• रोदसी: the two worlds (heaven and earth)
• रोदसी: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोदसी (द्विवचन-प्रातिपदिक; द्यावापृथिव्यौ)

• बद्बधे: has bound/fastened; has encompassed
• बद्बधे: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: बन्ध् (धातु) → बद्बध (वेदिक-परिपूर्ण/पुनरुक्त-रूप)

• महित्वा: by greatness, through majesty
• महित्वा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: महित्व (प्रातिपदिक; महत्-भाव)

• अयन्: they went; they came
• अयन्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ (धातु) / अय (वेदिक-आगम/अभ्यास)

• मासाः: months
• मासाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास (प्रातिपदिक)

• अयज्वनाम्: of the non-sacrificers
• अयज्वनाम्: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अयज्वन् (प्रातिपदिक; a-yajvan ‘non-sacrificer’)

• अवीराः: unmanly; without heroes
• अवीराः: Kartā (apposition to मासाः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अवीर (प्रातिपदिक; a-vīra ‘without heroes/men’)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: Upasarga (verbal preverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• यज्ञम्: sacrifice
• यज्ञम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)

• अन्मा: a stone; rock
• अन्मा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘stone/rock’ in RV usage)

• वृजनम्: enclosure; obstacle; hostile band (contextual)
• वृजनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृजन (प्रातिपदिक)

• तिराते: crosses over; overcomes
• तिराते: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: तॄ (धातु) + तिर (वेदिक-प्रयोग ‘to cross over/overcome’)