Rig Veda 5.40.4 — Mandala 5, Sukta 40, Mantra 4
Sukta 5.40
Rishi: Atri Bhāuma (Atri of the Atris) (traditional attribution for RV 5.40)
Devata: Indra (as the arriving power at the Madhyandina Soma-pressing)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 5.40; needs padic verification across the hymn)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऋजीषी वज्री वृषभस्तुराषाट् छुष्मी राजा वृत्रहा सोमपावा । युक्त्वा हरिभ्यामुप यासदर्वाङ्माध्यंदिने सवने मत्सदिन्द्रः ॥
Transliteration
ṛjīṣī vajrī vṛṣabhás turāṣā́ṭ chuṣmī́ rājā vṛtrahā́ somapā́vā | yuktvā́ háribhyām úpa yāsad arvā́ṅ mādhyáṃdine sávane matsád índraḥ ||
Translation
Indra, the strong bearer of the thunder-force, the bull of power, the irresistible conqueror, the mighty king and slayer of the obstructer, the drinker and purifier of Soma—having yoked his two tawny energies, comes near, turning to us; in the mid-day pressing he takes his seat in ecstasy.
Word by Word
ऋजीषीhaving barley-meal (epithet of Indra)
ऋजीषी:
विशेषण (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी)
TypeAdjective
Rootऋजीषिन् (प्रातिपदिक) < ऋजीष (यव/धान्य-चूर्ण, ‘barley-meal’)
वज्रीwielder of the thunderbolt
वज्री:
विशेषण (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी)
TypeAdjective
Rootवज्रिन् (प्रातिपदिक) < वज्र
वृषभःthe bull (strong one)
वृषभः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootवृषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
तुराषाट्overpowering in battle; victorious
तुराषाट्:
विशेषण (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी)
TypeAdjective
Rootतुराषाट् (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय-प्राय)
छुष्मीvigorous, mighty
छुष्मी:
विशेषण (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी)
TypeAdjective
Rootछुष्मिन् (प्रातिपदिक) < छुष्म (बल/तेज)
राजाking
राजा:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
वृत्रहाslayer of Vṛtra
वृत्रहा:
विशेषण (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवृत्रहन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘वृत्र’ + ‘हन्’)
सोमपावाःSoma-drinker
सोमपावाः:
विशेषण (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootसोमपावन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सोम’ + √पा ‘to drink’)
युक्त्वाhaving yoked
युक्त्वा:
पूर्वक्रिया (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी)
TypeVerb (absolutive)
Root√युज् (योजने)
हरिभ्याम्with the two bay steeds
हरिभ्याम्:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootहरि (प्रातिपदिक)
उपnear, towards
उप:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउप
यासत्may he come/go
यासत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√या (प्रापणे/गत्यर्थे)
अर्वाङ्hither, towards us
अर्वाङ्:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable/Adjective (directional)
Rootअर्वाञ्च् (प्रातिपदिक)
माध्यंदिनेat midday
माध्यंदिने:
अधिकारण
TypeNoun/Adjective used substantively
Rootमाध्यंदिन (प्रातिपदिक) < मध्यंदिन
सवनेat the pressing (Soma-rite)
सवने:
अधिकारण
TypeNoun
Rootसवन (प्रातिपदिक)
मत्सत्may he rejoice/be exhilarated
मत्सत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√मद् (हर्षे/मत्तत्वे)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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