Rig Veda 5.10.5 — Mandala 5, Sukta 10, Mantra 5
Sukta 5.10
Devata: Agni
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
तव त्ये अग्ने अर्चयो भ्राजन्तो यन्ति धृष्णुया । परिज्मानो न विद्युतः स्वानो रथो न वाजयुः ॥
Transliteration
táva tyé agne arcáyo bhrā́janto yanti dhṛṣṇuyā́ | parí-jmāno ná vi-dyútaḥ svā́nó rathó ná vājayúḥ ||
Translation
Thine, O Agni, are those flames that go shining with a daring movement—like far-ranging lightnings; roaring like a chariot, they press on seeking the plenitude of force.
Word by Word
तवof you / your
तव:
सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
त्येthose
त्ये:
कर्तृ (of ‘यन्ति’)
TypePronoun
Rootत्यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अग्नेO Agni
अग्ने:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
अर्चयःflames / rays
अर्चयः:
कर्तृ (of ‘यन्ति’)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्चि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ray, flame’)
भ्राजन्तःshining
भ्राजन्तः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (qualifies ‘त्ये’/‘अर्चयः’ as shining)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootभ्राज् (धातु) → भ्राजन्त् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
यन्तिgo / proceed
यन्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
धृष्णुयाwith boldness / impetuously
धृष्णुया:
करण (manner/instrument: ‘with bold force’)
TypeAdjective (used adverbially) / Noun
Rootधृष्णु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bold, impetuous’)
परिज्मानःwhirling (ones) / wheel-like (circling)
परिज्मानः:
कर्तृ (appositional/secondary subject describing the flames)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootपरिज्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘wheel, rim; revolving’)
नlike
न:
सम्बन्ध (upamā-marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
विद्युतःlightnings
विद्युतः:
उपमान (standard of comparison)
TypeNoun
Rootविद्युत् (प्रातिपदिक)
स्वानःsounding / roaring
स्वानः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (qualifies implied subject, esp. ‘अग्निः/रथः’ imagery)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootस्वन् (धातु) → स्वान (वर्तमान कृदन्त/विशेषण)
रथःchariot
रथः:
उपमेय/कर्तृ (as a simile-member: ‘like a chariot’)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike
न:
सम्बन्ध (upamā-marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
वाजयुःprize-seeking / eager for strength
वाजयुः:
उपमान (standard of comparison for ‘रथः’/the roaring motion)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootवाजयु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘seeking prize/strength, eager for booty’)
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