Rig Veda 4.5.10: Mandala 4, Sukta 5, Mantra 10

Sukta 4.5

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 4)

Devata: Agni (Jātavedas/inner Fire of knowledge)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.5; verse-level confirmation requires full metrical scan)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अध द्युतानः पित्रोः सचासामनुत गुह्यं चारु पृश्नेः । मातुष्पदे परमे अन्ति षद्गोर्वृष्णः शोचिषः प्रयतस्य जिह्वा ॥

Transliteration

ádha dyutānáḥ pitróḥ sacā́ āsā́ ámanuta guhyám cā́ru pṛ́śneḥ | mātuṣpáde paramé ánti ṣád gór vṛ́ṣṇaḥ śóciṣaḥ práyatasyá jihvā́ ||

Translation

Then the Shining One, close to the two Parents, perceived the secret and beautiful (working) of Pr̥śni. In the supreme seat of the Mother he sat near: the tongue of the impelling Flame of the Bull within the Cow—(Agni) the radiant power set in right motion.

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Word by Word

• अध: then, now
• अध: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अध (avyaya-prātipadika)

• द्युता॒नः: shining, radiant
• द्युता॒नः: Kartā (as qualifier of the subject) / Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: द्युता॒न (prātipadika; from √द्युत् ‘to shine’)

• पि॒त्रोः: of (his) two parents
• पि॒त्रोः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (of the two parents)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (prātipadika)

• सचा॒: together with, in company with
• सचा॒: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सच (avyaya)

• साम॑नुत: he sounded/uttered (forth)
• साम॑नुत: Kriyā (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अन्/अनु (to breathe; in Vedic also ‘to sound/utter’); with preverb सम्-

• गुह्यं॒: hidden, secret
• गुह्यं॒: Karma (object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गुह्य (prātipadika; from √गुह् ‘to hide’)

• चारु॒: beautiful, dear
• चारु॒: Karma (object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चारु (prātipadika)

• पृश्नेः: of Pṛśni
• पृश्नेः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun (proper/common)
• Root: पृश्नि (prātipadika; name/title, ‘Pṛśni’)

• मातुः: of the mother
• मातुः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ (prātipadika)

• पदे: in the place/footing
• पदे: Adhikaraṇa (location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद (prātipadika)

• परमे: highest, supreme
• परमे: Adhikaraṇa (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम (prātipadika)

• अन्ति: near, in the presence of
• अन्ति: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्ति (avyaya)

• षत्: sat, took seat, settled
• षत्: Kriyā (verb of the second clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सद् (to sit, settle)

• गोः: of the cow (or: of light/cattle)
• गोः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (prātipadika)

• वृष्णः: of the bull; of the vigorous one
• वृष्णः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वृषन् (prātipadika)

• शोचिषः: of the flame/splendour
• शोचिषः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: शोचिस् (prātipadika)

• प्रयतस्य: of the prepared/intent one
• प्रयतस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: प्र-यत (prātipadika; from √यत् ‘to strive/prepare’, with प्र-)

• जिह्वा: tongue
• जिह्वा: Kartā (subject of an implied/copular sense; or apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जिह्वा (prātipadika)