Rig Veda 4.2.8 — Mandala 4, Sukta 2, Mantra 8
Sukta 4.2
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यस्त्वा दोषा य उषसि प्रशंसात्प्रियं वा त्वा कृणवते हविष्मान् । अश्वो न स्वे दम आ हेम्यावान्तमंहसः पीपरो दाश्वांसम् ॥
Transliteration
yás tvā doṣā́ yá uṣási praśáṃsāt priyáṃ vā tvā kṛṇávate havíṣmān | áśvo ná své dáma ā́ hemyā́vān tám áṃhasaḥ pī́paro dā́śvāṃsam ||
Translation
Who praises you by night and who at dawn, or who makes you dear by his offering—like a horse in its own stable, come home to him. O Agni, you who hold the rein, carry that giver across distress and narrowness.
Word by Word
यःwho
यः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
त्वाyou
त्वा:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
दोषाat night
दोषा:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootदोषा (प्रातिपदिक)
यःwho
यः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
उषसिat dawn
उषसि:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रशंसात्praises
प्रशंसात्:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb (finite) / Vedic injunctive
Rootप्र-शंस् (धातु) → प्रशंस्/प्रशंसा (कृदन्त-भाव)
प्रियम्a dear (thing); what is pleasing
प्रियम्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootप्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
वाor
वा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (निपात)
त्वाyou
त्वा:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
कृणवतेmakes; does
कृणवते:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb (finite)
Rootकृ (धातु)
हविष्मान्the oblation-bearing (worshipper); one possessing offering
हविष्मान्:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootहविष्मन्त् (प्रातिपदिक) < हविस्
अश्वःa horse
अश्वः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (उपमा-निपात)
स्वेin his own
स्वे:
अधिकरण
TypeAdjective/Pronoun
Rootस्व (प्रातिपदिक)
दमेhouse; home
दमे:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootदम (प्रातिपदिक)
आtowards; unto
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/निपात)
हेमिI drive/impel; I set in motion
हेमि:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb (finite)
Rootहेम्/हिम् (धातु; वेदिक)
आवान्तम्helping; favourable
आवान्तम्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-वन्त् (प्रातिपदिक) < अव्/वन् (to help/favour)
अंहसःfrom distress/sin/anguish
अंहसः:
अपादान
TypeNoun
Rootअंहस् (प्रातिपदिक)
पीपरःyou carry across; you rescue
पीपरः:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb (finite)
Rootपि/पा (धातु; वेदिक-रूप ‘पीपर्’ = caus./intensive ‘to cause to pass over, save’)
दाश्वांसम्the giver; the worshipper who has given (offerings)
दाश्वांसम्:
कर्म
TypeParticiple (perfect active) used as noun
Rootदाश्वांस् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) < दा (धातु ‘to give’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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