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Rig Veda 3.51.5: Mandala 3, Sukta 51, Mantra 5

Sukta 3.51

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina
Devata: Indra (with cosmic supports: Dyauḥ, Āpaḥ, Oṣadhīḥ, Vanāni)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

पूर्वीरस्य निष्षिधो मर्त्येषु पुरू वसूनि पृथिवी बिभर्ति । इन्द्राय द्याव ओषधीरुतापो रयिं रक्षन्ति जीरयो वनानि ॥

Transliteration

pūrvī́r asya niṣṣídho mártyeṣu purū́ vásūni pṛthivī́ bibharti | índrāya dyā́va óṣadhīr utā́po rayíṃ rakṣanti jīráyo vánāni ||

Translation

From of old, his sure foundations are set among mortals; the Earth bears many riches. For Indra, Heaven, the plants and the Waters guard the rayi—while the strong forests stand firm, supporting the increase of life-force.

Word by Word
पूर्वीःmany former/earlier (things)
पूर्वीः:
कर्म (बिभर्ति इति क्रियायाः)
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *per- ‘before’
अस्यof him/this
अस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of him/this’
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
निःषिधःof the restrainer (one who keeps back)
निःषिधः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of the restrainer/forbidder’
TypeNoun
Rootनि-षिध् (धातु ‘to restrain/forbid’) → निषिध् (कृदन्त/नाम)
मर्त्येषुamong mortals
मर्त्येषु:
अधिकारण (locative) — ‘among’
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक) < मृ ‘to die’
पुरुmany, much
पुरु:
विशेषण (वसूनि इति)
TypeAdjective (indeclinable use)
Rootपुरु (अव्यय/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
वसूनिgoods/wealths
वसूनि:
कर्म (बिभर्ति)
TypeNoun
Rootवसु (प्रातिपदिक) < वस् ‘to dwell/shine’ (Vedic ‘wealth, good’)
पृथिवीthe Earth
पृथिवी:
कर्तृ (बिभर्ति)
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक) < पृथु ‘broad’
बिभर्तिbears, carries
बिभर्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootभृ (धातु) ‘to bear, carry’
इन्द्रायfor Indra
इन्द्राय:
सम्प्रदान (dative) — ‘for Indra’
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
द्यावःthe heavens
द्यावः:
कर्तृ (रक्षन्ति)
TypeNoun
Rootद्यौ/दिव् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘sky, heaven’
ओषधीःplants, herbs
ओषधीः:
कर्म (रक्षन्ति) — coordinated object
TypeNoun
Rootओषधि (प्रातिपदिक)
उतand, also
उत:
समुच्चय
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
आपःthe waters
आपः:
कर्तृ (रक्षन्ति) — with द्यावः
TypeNoun
Rootआप्/अप् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘water’
रयिम्wealth
रयिम्:
कर्म (रक्षन्ति)
TypeNoun
Rootरयि (प्रातिपदिक) ‘wealth, treasure’
रक्षन्तिprotect
रक्षन्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष् (धातु) ‘to protect’
जीरयःthe vigorous/active (ones)
जीरयः:
कर्तृ (रक्षन्ति) — appositional/qualifying subject
TypeAdjective (substantivized)
Rootजीर (प्रातिपदिक) ‘quick, lively; vigorous’
वनानिthe forests/woods
वनानि:
कर्तृ (रक्षन्ति) — ‘the woods/forests (protect)’
TypeNoun
Rootवन (प्रातिपदिक) ‘wood, forest; tree’
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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