Rig Veda 2.28.2: Mandala 2, Sukta 28, Mantra 2

Sukta 2.28

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)

Devata: Varuṇa (with strong associative imagery of Uṣas and Agni)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तव व्रते सुभगासः स्याम स्वाध्यो वरुण तुष्टुवांसः । उपायन उषसां गोमतीनामग्नयो न जरमाणा अनु द्यून् ॥

Transliteration

táva vraté su-bhágāsaḥ syāma svā́dhyo varuṇa tuṣṭuvā́ṃsaḥ | upā́yana uṣásāṃ gó-matīnām agnáyo ná jaramāṇā ánu dyū́n ||

Translation

In thy law (vrata), O Varuṇa, may we become fortunate and well-founded in our own right discipline, praising thee. May we come near to the Dawns that are rich in rays (cows of light), and like unfailing fires may we follow the days without growing old in the soul.

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Word by Word

• तव: of you, your
• तव: सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• व्रते: in (your) ordinance/vow
• व्रते: अधिकारण
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रत (प्रातिपदिक)

• सु-भगासः: fortunate, blessed
• सु-भगासः: कर्तृ (स्याम के)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुभग (प्रातिपदिक; सु- + भग)

• स्याम: may we be
• स्याम: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)

• स्वाध्यः: well-disposed/obedient (to rule)
• स्वाध्यः: सम्बोधन-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वाध्य (प्रातिपदिक; सु-आ-धि/धा-य > स्वाध्य, ‘well-disposed/obedient’)

• वरुण: O Varuṇa
• वरुण: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: वरुण (प्रातिपदिक)

• तुष्टुवांसः: praising, having praised
• तुष्टुवांसः: कर्तृ (स्याम के)
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: तुष्टुवस् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √स्तु ‘to praise’ with reduplication/augment तु- + स्तु, perf. act. ptc.)

• उपायनः: approaching, coming near
• उपायनः: कर्तृ/भाव (अग्नयः के विशेषण/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: उपायन (प्रातिपदिक; उप-आ-√या/यम् ‘approach/coming’ > ‘approach, coming near’)

• उषसाम्: of the dawns
• उषसाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• गोमतीनाम्: rich in cows/light (cow-possessing)
• गोमतीनाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गोमती (प्रातिपदिक; गो + मत्)

• अग्नयः: the fires (Agni-powers)
• अग्नयः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• न: सम्बन्ध (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• जरमाणाः: aging, growing old
• जरमाणाः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: जरमाण (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √जॄ/जर् ‘to grow old, wear’ → ‘aging’)

• अनु: along, after
• अनु: दिशा/अनुगमन
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (अव्यय/उपसर्ग)

• द्यून्: days
• द्यून्: कर्म (अनु के)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यु (प्रातिपदिक)