Rig Veda 2.23.12: Mandala 2, Sukta 23, Mantra 12

Sukta 2.23

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)

Devata: Bṛhaspati

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अदेवेन मनसा यो रिषण्यति शासामुग्रो मन्यमानो जिघांसति । बृहस्पते मा प्रणक्तस्य नो वधो नि कर्म मन्युं दुरेवस्य शर्धतः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 2.23.12

Transliteration

adévena mánasā yó riṣaṇyáti śāsā́m ugró mányamāno jíghāṃsati | bṛ́haspate mā́ práṇaktasya no vadhó ní karma manyúṃ durévasya śárdhataḥ ||

Translation

Whoever with a godless mind assails us, fierce in his rule, thinking himself mighty and seeking to strike—O Bṛhaspati, let not his blow reach us; cast down the wrath of ill-will and its hostile band.

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Word by Word

• अदेवेन: with an ungodly (impious)
• अदेवेन: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-देव (प्रातिपदिक) < देव

• मनसा: with mind
• मनसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• रिषण्यति: harms
• रिषण्यति: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रिष् (धातु) [Vedic: ‘to harm, injure’]

• शासाम्: the commands/ordinances
• शासाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शास् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘शासन/शास्’ (Vedic: ‘command, ordinance, instruction’)

• उग्रः: fierce
• उग्रः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• मन्यमानः: thinking/imagining (himself)
• मन्यमानः: Kartā
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: मन् (धातु) → मन्यमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• जिघांसति: seeks to kill
• जिघांसति: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु) (desiderative) → जिघांस्

• बृहस्पते: O Bṛhaspati
• बृहस्पते: Sampradāna (आह्वान/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: बृहस्पति (प्रातिपदिक)

• मा: do not
• मा: (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (निषेध-अव्यय)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग)

• णक्तस्य: of the assailant/attacker
• णक्तस्य: (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Participle/Noun
• Root: नश्/नक् (धातु; Vedic) → णक्त (कृदन्त/भूतकृदन्त-आधार) ‘one who has reached/attained; one who has attacked’ (context: hostile assailant)

• नः: of us / our
• नः: Sampradāna (हित/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• वधः: slaying, blow, killing
• वधः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वध (प्रातिपदिक)

• नि: down, away
• नि: (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि (उपसर्ग)

• कर्म: deed, act
• कर्म: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृ (धातु) → कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• मन्युम्: wrath, rage
• मन्युम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन्यु (प्रातिपदिक)

• दुरेवस्य: of the evil-minded (one)
• दुरेवस्य: (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: दुरेवस् (प्रातिपदिक) < दुर्- + एवस् (‘ill-intent/evil disposition’)

• शर्धतः: from the hostile host / of the troop
• शर्धतः: Apādāna (sense: ‘from’) / सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर्ध (प्रातिपदिक) ‘troop, host’