Rig Veda 2.16.1 — Mandala 2, Sukta 16, Mantra 1

Sukta 2.16

Rishi: Gṛtsamada Bhārgava (RV 2.16)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify with Anukramaṇī)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र वः सतां ज्येष्ठतमाय सुष्टुतिमग्नाविव समिधाने हविर्भरे । इन्द्रमजुर्यं जरयन्तमुक्षितं सनाद्युवानमवसे हवामहे ॥

Transliteration

prá vaḥ satā́ṃ jyéṣṭhatamāya suṣṭutím agnā́v iva samidhāné havírbhare | índram ajúryaṃ járayantam ukṣitáṃ sanā́d yúvānam aváse havāmahe ||

Translation

Forward for you I bear a fine hymn, as one brings the oblation to the kindled Fire, to Indra the eldest of the true. Indra—undecaying, ever-renewing, abundantly poured with strength, ancient yet young—we call for our help and protection.

Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• वः: of you / your
• वः: सम्प्रदान (beneficiary/possessor)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• सताम्: of the good/true ones
• सताम्: सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सत् (प्रा. √अस् ‘to be’)

• ज्येष्ठतमाय: to the most eminent/eldest
• ज्येष्ठतमाय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्येष्ठतम (superl. of ज्येष्ठ)

• सुष्टुतिम्: well-formed praise (hymn)
• सुष्टुतिम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: सु-ष्टुति (from √स्तु ‘to praise’)

• अग्नौ: in/at Agni
• अग्नौ: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• समिधाने: when kindled / in the kindling
• समिधाने: अधिकरण
• Type: Participle/Adjective
• Root: समि-धा (kṛdanta from √धा ‘to place’, with सम्) / समिध् ‘kindling’ (ritual term)

• हविर्भरे: at the bringing/oblation-bearing (rite)
• हविर्भरे: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: हविर्भर (havis + √भृ ‘to bear/bring’)

• इन्द्रम्: Indra
• इन्द्रम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र

• अजुर्यम्: unaging, undecaying
• अजुर्यम्: विशेषण (of कर्म: इन्द्रम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अजुर्य (a- + जुर्य, from √जॄ/जुर् ‘to grow old, decay’)

• जरयन्तम्: wearing down (the enemy), making (them) wither
• जरयन्तम्: विशेषण (of कर्म: इन्द्रम्)
• Type: Participle
• Root: जरयन्त् (causative present participle from √जॄ/जर् ‘to make old/consume’; Vedic: ‘wearing down (foes)’)

• उक्षितम्: strengthened/anointed
• उक्षितम्: विशेषण (of कर्म: इन्द्रम्)
• Type: Participle
• Root: उक्षित (PPP from √वक्ष्/उक्ष् ‘to sprinkle, anoint; to strengthen’)

• सनात्: from of old, since ancient times
• सनात्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सनात्

• युवानम्: young, youthful
• युवानम्: विशेषण (of कर्म: इन्द्रम्)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: युवान्

• अवसे: for help, for protection
• अवसे: सम्प्रदान (purpose/benefit)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवस् (from √अव ‘to help/protect’)

• हवामहे: we invoke/call
• हवामहे: क्रिया (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ह्वा (Vedic: √ह्वे) ‘to call, invoke’