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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 105, Shloka 25

भरतस्य प्रार्थना—रामस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः

Bharata’s Petition and Rama’s Instruction on Time and Mortality

हृष्यन्त्यृतुमुखं दृष्ट्वा नवं नवमिहागतम्।ऋतूनां परिवर्तेन प्राणिनां प्राणसङ्क्षयः।।2.105.25।।

hṛṣyanty ṛtumukhaṃ dṛṣṭvā navaṃ navam ihāgatam | ṛtūnāṃ parivartena prāṇināṃ prāṇasaṅkṣayaḥ || 2.105.25 ||

ពេលឃើញការចាប់ផ្តើមរដូវ និងអ្វីថ្មីៗដែលមកដល់ជាបន្តបន្ទាប់ មនុស្សរីករាយ។ ប៉ុន្តែដោយការប្រែប្រួលនៃរដូវ ដង្ហើមជីវិតរបស់សត្វលោកក៏ថយចុះដែរ។

hṛṣyantirejoice
hṛṣyanti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√hṛṣ (हृष् धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
ṛtu-mukhamthe season’s onset
ṛtu-mukham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootṛtu (ऋतु) + mukha (मुख प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ऋतोः मुखम् = 'beginning/face of a season'
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Kriya (क्रिया-पूर्वक)
TypeVerb
Root√dṛś (दृश् धातु)
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), Indeclinable (अव्ययभाव)
navamnew
navam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnava (नव प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
navamever-new
navam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnava (नव प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); repetition for emphasis
ihahere/now
iha:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiha (इह अव्यय)
FormAdverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)
āgatamarrived
āgatam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootāgata (आगत कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; ā-√gam धातु)
FormPast participle (क्त), Neuter Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन) (agreeing with navam)
ṛtūnāmof seasons
ṛtūnām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootṛtu (ऋतु प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)
parivartenaby the change/turning
parivartena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootparivarta (परिवर्त प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
prāṇināmof living beings
prāṇinām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootprāṇin (प्राणिन् प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)
prāṇa-saṅkṣayaḥloss of life (breath)
prāṇa-saṅkṣayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootprāṇa (प्राण) + saṅkṣaya (सङ्क्षय प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: प्राणानां सङ्क्षयः = 'diminution of life-breath'

In a mighty ocean, two pieces of logs meet one another, float together and in due course get separated. In the same way wives, sons, relatives and riches remain together for some time and thereafter get separated. Their separation is certain.

FAQs

Dharma calls for sobriety amid pleasure: worldly novelty should not obscure the steady approach of time and death.

Bharata uses the cyclical beauty of seasons to teach Rāma that each change also marks life’s shortening.

Discernment (viveka): the ability to see beyond appearances to the underlying truth of kāla.