Shloka 2

Adhyaya 77 — Shumbha and Nishumbha

Sanskrit

मनुं प्रख्यातयशसमनेकज्ञानपारगम् ।

विवस्वतः सुतो यस्मात्तस्माद्वैवस्वतस्तु सः ॥

Transliteration

manuṃ prakhyātayaśasam anekajñānapāragam / vivasvataḥ suto yasmāt tasmād vaivasvatas tu saḥ

Translation

មនុអង្គនោះ មានកេរ្តិ៍ឈ្មោះល្បីល្បាញ ហើយបានឆ្លងកាត់ទៅកាន់ឆ្នេរឆ្ងាយនៃចំណេះដឹងជាច្រើនប្រភេទ។ ព្រោះគាត់ជាកូនប្រុសរបស់ វិវស្វាន (Vivasvān) ដូច្នេះគាត់ត្រូវបានហៅថា វៃវស្វត (Vaivasvata)។

Word by Word

• मनुम्: Manu
• मनुम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case/Accusative), एकवचन

• प्रख्यात-यशसम्-अनेक-ज्ञान-पारगम्: of famed renown, master of many knowledges
• प्रख्यात-यशसम्-अनेक-ज्ञान-पारगम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रख्यात (कृदन्त; √ख्यात past participle) + यशस् (प्रातिपदिक) + अनेक (प्रातिपदिक) + ज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक) + पारग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case/Accusative), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि: ‘प्रख्यातं यशो यस्य’ + ‘अनेकज्ञानस्य पारगः’ (one who has famed glory and has mastered many knowledges)

• विवस्वतः: of Vivasvat (the Sun)
• विवस्वतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विवस्वत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th case/Genitive), एकवचन

• सुतः: son
• सुतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• यस्मात्: from whom/since
• यस्मात्: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, पञ्चमी (5th case/Ablative), एकवचन

• तस्मात्: therefore/from that (reason)
• तस्मात्: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, पञ्चमी (5th case/Ablative), एकवचन

• वैवस्वतः: Vaivasvata
• वैवस्वतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैवस्वत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; नाम (epithet)

• तु: indeed, but
• तु: Sambandha/Emphasis (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (विरोध/अवधारण particle)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya (continuing narration)

Primary Deities

• Vaivasvata Manu
• Vivasvān (Sūrya)

Key Themes

• Genealogy
• Etymology (patronymic naming)
• Cosmology
• Authority through knowledge

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Legitimate leadership is paired with learning: Manu is portrayed not only as well-born but also as profoundly knowledgeable, implying governance should be grounded in wisdom.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita: patronymic identification and the characterization of a key ancestor (Manu).

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Son of the Sun’ conveys that dharma (Manu) emerges from illumination—clarity, discernment, and the life-giving order symbolized by Sūrya.