Shloka 117

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

तत्र पुत्र न ! वस्तव्यं यत्रैतत् त्रितयं सदा ।

जिगीषुः पूर्ववैरश्च जनश्च सततोत्सवः ॥

Transliteration

tatra putra na ! vastavyaṃ yatraitat tritayaṃ sadā / jigīṣuḥ pūrvavairaśca janaśca satatotsavaḥ

Translation

ប៉ុន្តែ កូនអើយ មិនគួររស់នៅកន្លែងដែលមានបីយ៉ាងនេះជានិច្ចទេ៖ អ្នកគ្រប់គ្រង (ឬប្រជាជន) ចង់ឈ្នះដោយសង្គ្រាម ការសត្រូវយូរអង្វែង និងប្រជាជនដែលជាប់ជានិច្ចក្នុងពិធីបុណ្យនិងការកម្សាន្ត។

Word by Word

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• putra: O son
• putra: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन/8), Singular (एकवचन)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negator)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेधार्थ अव्यय)

• vastavyam: should be lived/dwelt (in)
• vastavyam: Kriyā (क्रिया; विधेयभाव)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vastavya (कृदन्त; √vas वस् (धातु) + तव्यत्)
• Form: Gerundive/obligatory participle (तव्यत्-कृदन्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); impersonal obligation: 'it is to be dwelt'

• yatra: where
• yatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Relative adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• etat: this
• etat: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण; demonstrative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (एतद्-प्रातिपदिक; सर्वनाम)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• tritayam: a triad (set of three)
• tritayam: Karta (कर्ता; 'this triad exists')
• Type: Noun
• Root: tritaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• sadā: always
• sadā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (कालवाचक अव्यय)

• jigīṣuḥ: one eager to conquer
• jigīṣuḥ: Karta (कर्ता; member of triad)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jigīṣu (कृदन्त; √ji जि (धातु) + सन् (desiderative) + उ (उणादि/प्रातिपदिक); 'desirous to conquer')
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• pūrva-vairaḥ: old enmity
• pūrva-vairaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; member of triad)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pūrva + vaira (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारयः (pūrvaṃ vairaṃ = former enmity)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• janaḥ: the populace/people
• janaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; member of triad)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• satata-utsavaḥ: ever-festive
• satata-utsavaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण; qualifying janaḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: satata + utsava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारयः (satataḥ utsavaḥ = continual festivity)

Speakers

• Didactic narrator addressing a disciple/son (putra) within dharma-teaching context

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bibhatsa", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Social stability
• Conflict avoidance
• Moderation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Avoid environments dominated by aggression, vendetta, and constant distraction—these undermine security, economic steadiness, and the seriousness needed for dharma and learning.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra and pragmatic rājya-evaluation; not a cosmological or genealogical lakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The triad can be read inwardly: ‘conquest-desire’ (restless ambition), ‘old enmity’ (unresolved resentment), and ‘constant festivity’ (perpetual sensory diversion) obstruct inner peace and spiritual maturation.