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Agni Purana — Dharma-shastra, Shloka 1

Mahāpātaka-ādi-kathana

Account of the Great Sins) — concluding note incl. ‘Mārjāra-vadha’ (killing of a cat

इत्य् आग्नेये महापुराणे महापातकादिकथनं नामाष्टषष्ट्यधिकशततमो ऽध्यायः मार्जारस्यैव मारणमिति ङ अथैकोनसप्तत्यधिकशततमो ऽध्यायः प्रायश्चित्तानि पुष्कर उवाच एतत्प्रभृतिपापानां प्रायश्चित्तं वदामि ते ब्रह्महा द्वादशाब्दानि कुटीङ्कृत्वा वने वसेत्

ity āgneye mahāpurāṇe mahāpātakādikathanaṃ nāmāṣṭaṣaṣṭyadhikaśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ mārjārasyaiva māraṇamiti ṅa athaikonasaptatyadhikaśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ prāyaścittāni puṣkara uvāca etatprabhṛtipāpānāṃ prāyaścittaṃ vadāmi te brahmahā dvādaśābdāni kuṭīṅkṛtvā vane vaset

ដូច្នេះ ក្នុងអគ្និមហាបុរាណៈ ជំពូកទី១៦៩ ដែលមានចំណងជើង «ការពណ៌នាអំពីមហាបាប» បានបញ្ចប់ (រួមទាំងប្រធានបទ «ការសម្លាប់ឆ្មា»)។ ឥឡូវចាប់ផ្តើមជំពូកទី១៧០ ស្តីពី «ពិធីសងបាប/ការប្រាយស្ចិត្ត»។ ពុស្ករៈ បាននិយាយថា៖ «ខ្ញុំនឹងប្រាប់អ្នកអំពីការប្រាយស្ចិត្តសម្រាប់បាបចាប់ពីទាំងនេះ។ អ្នកសម្លាប់ព្រាហ្មណៈ គួររស់នៅក្នុងព្រៃ ដោយសង់កុដិ ហើយស្នាក់នៅរយៈពេលដប់ពីរឆ្នាំ»។

itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formइति-शब्दः (quotative particle)
āgneyein the Āgneya
āgneye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootāgneya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (agreeing with purāṇa), सप्तमी (Loc), एकवचन
mahā-purāṇein the Mahāpurāṇa
mahā-purāṇe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + purāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः: ‘महच्च तत् पुराणम्’
mahā-pātaka-ādi-kathanamthe narration of great sins etc.
mahā-pātaka-ādi-kathanam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + pātaka (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + kathana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: ‘महापातकादीनां कथनम्’
nāmanamed
nāma:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnāman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययप्रयोग (indeclinable usage meaning ‘named/called’)
aṣṭa-ṣaṣṭi-adhika-śata-tamaḥthe 168th
aṣṭa-ṣaṣṭi-adhika-śata-tamaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootaṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक) + ṣaṣṭi (प्रातिपदिक) + adhika (प्रातिपदिक) + śata (प्रातिपदिक) + tama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; संख्यासमास-प्रायः (ordinal): ‘शततमः’ with ‘अष्टषष्ट्यधिक’ (168th)
adhyāyaḥchapter
adhyāyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootadhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
mārjārasyaof a cat
mārjārasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootmārjāra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
evaindeed/just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक निपात
māraṇamkilling
māraṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmāraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formइति-शब्दः (quotative particle)
ṅa(marker)
ṅa:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootṅa (अव्यय/पाठचिह्न)
Formपाठचिह्न/अनुबन्ध-प्रायः (editorial/recitational marker; not semantic)
athathen/now
atha:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
Formअथ-शब्दः (discourse particle)
eka-ūna-saptati-adhika-śata-tamaḥthe 169th
eka-ūna-saptati-adhika-śata-tamaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rooteka (प्रातिपदिक) + ūna (प्रातिपदिक) + saptati (प्रातिपदिक) + adhika (प्रातिपदिक) + śata (प्रातिपदिक) + tama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; संख्यासमास-प्रायः (ordinal): ‘एकोनसप्तत्यधिकशततमः’ (169th)
adhyāyaḥchapter
adhyāyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootadhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
prāyaścittāniexpiations
prāyaścittāni:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprāyaścitta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन
puṣkaraḥPuṣkara
puṣkaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpuṣkara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
etat-prabhṛti-pāpānāmof sins beginning with these
etat-prabhṛti-pāpānām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootetat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + prabhṛti (प्रातिपदिक/अव्यय) + pāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (pāpa), षष्ठी, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः: ‘एतत्प्रभृतिनां पापानाम्’ (sins beginning with these)
prāyaścittamexpiation
prāyaścittam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprāyaścitta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
vadāmiI tell
vadāmi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvad (धातु)
Formलट् (present), उत्तमपुरुष (1st), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
teto you
te:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया/चतुर्थी (Acc/Dat), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
brahmahāa Brahmin-slayer
brahmahā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbrahma-han (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः: ‘ब्रह्माणं हन्ति’ (slayer of a Brahmin)
dvādaśa-abdānifor twelve years
dvādaśa-abdāni:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdvādaśa (प्रातिपदिक) + abda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; द्विगु-समासः: ‘द्वादश अब्दाः’ = twelve years
kuṭīm-kṛtvāhaving made a hut
kuṭīm-kṛtvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkuṭī (प्रातिपदिक) + kṛ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), ‘कृ’ धातोः; पूर्वकाले क्रिया (having made/built)
vanein the forest
vane:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootvana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
vasetshould dwell
vaset:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvas (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Puṣkara (introducing the prāyaścitta section; preceded by chapter colophon)

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Dharmashastra","secondary_vidya":"Vrata","practical_application":"Introduces the prāyaścitta chapter and gives a core expiation model for brahmahatyā: long-term forest dwelling with austerity, used as a template for graded penances.","sutra_style":false}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"Procedure","entry_title":"Brahmahatyā-prāyaścitta: dvādaśābda-vāsa in forest hut","lookup_keywords":["prāyaścitta","brahmahatyā","dvādaśa-abda","kuṭī","vana-vāsa"],"quick_summary":"For the gravest sin of brahmin-slaying, the text prescribes a twelve-year austere forest residence in a hut—signaling prolonged purification, restraint, and social withdrawal as expiation."}

Concept: Penance as transformative discipline: time-bound austerity, solitude, and regulated living purify grave moral transgression.

Application: Frames expiation as a structured regimen (duration, place, lifestyle), informing later detailed penances for other sins.

Khanda Section: Dharma-shastra (Prāyaścitta & Pāpa-nirṇaya: expiations for sins)

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Type: Sacred forest/Āśrama

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"Puṣkara instructs disciples as a new chapter on expiations begins; a penitent builds a small hut and lives in a forest for twelve years, practicing austerity.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, sage Puṣkara seated with disciples, palm-leaf text; adjacent scene of a lone ascetic in a forest kuṭī, minimal possessions, tall trees, earthy tones, solemn penitential mood.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, Puṣkara with gold halo teaching; side panel shows an ascetic before a small hut in a stylized forest, gold embellishments highlighting sacred discipline and renunciation.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore style, instructional depiction: stepwise building of a kuṭī and forest residence, ascetic posture and simple utensils, fine linework, calm palette, didactic clarity.","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, detailed forest landscape with a small hut, an ascetic performing austerities, a scholar narrating from a manuscript in a corner, naturalistic foliage and subdued colors."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"contemplative","suggested_raga":"Bhairav","pace":"slow","voice_tone":"contemplative"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: ity āgneye = iti āgneye; 'dhyāyaḥ = adhyāyaḥ (avagraha); athaikonasaptaty... = atha eka-ūna-saptati-...; etatprabhṛtipāpānām = etat-prabhṛti-pāpānām; kuṭīṅkṛtvā = kuṭīm kṛtvā (anusvāra/ṅ before k as orthography).

Related Themes: Agni Purana 169 (mahāpātaka enumeration conclusion); Agni Purana 170 (prāyaścitta-niyama continuation)

A
Agni Mahāpurāṇa
P
Puṣkara
B
Brahmahatyā (brāhmaṇa-slaying)
M
Mārjāra (cat)

FAQs

It introduces prāyaścitta-vidhi (expiatory procedure), specifying a formal penance for brahmahatyā: twelve years of kuṭī-vāsa (living in a self-made hut) in the forest.

By shifting from defining mahāpātakas (major sins) to prescribing actionable legal-ritual remedies (prāyaścittas), it shows the text’s dharmaśāstra dimension alongside its many other disciplines.

The forest-hut vow functions as sustained tapas (austerity) and social renunciation intended to purify the severe karmic burden of brahmahatyā through long-term discipline and restraint.