Varaha Purana 190.49 — Adhyaya 190, Shloka 49

Determinative Exposition on Śrāddha and the Pitṛyajña

Ancestral Offering

Devanagari script

तिथौ पर्वणि ये चैव स्वपितॄींस्तारयन्ति वै ॥

Transliteration

tithau parvaṇi ye caiva svapitṝṃs tārayanti vai ||

Translation

また、ティティ（朔望に基づく月日）およびパルヴァン（祭節の節目）において、まことに自らの祖先を救済し扶ける者たちは—

Word by Word

• तिथौ: on the lunar day
• तिथौ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (7th/Locative); एकवचन

• पर्वणि: on the festival/holy occasion
• पर्वणि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (7th/Locative); एकवचन

• ये: those who
• ये: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st); बहुवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक निपात (conjunction)

• एव: indeed, just
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारणार्थक निपात (emphatic particle)

• स्वपितॄन्: their own ancestors/fathers
• स्वपितॄन्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्व + पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative); बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (स्वस्य पितरः)

• तारयन्ति: deliver, save
• तारयन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तॄ (धातु) caus. तारय (णिच्)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd); बहुवचन; णिजन्त (causative)

• वै: indeed, surely
• वै: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (emphatic/assuring particle)

Speaker

Varāha

Varaha Avatara Context

Varaha Avatara Context: {"is_varaha_focus":true,"earth_interaction":"Instruction about proper times (tithi, parvan) for aiding pitṛs; implicit care for Earth’s dharmic order"}

Bhu Devi Dialogue

Bhu Devi Dialogue: {"is_dialogue":false,"speaker_role":"instructor"}

Mathura Mandala

Mathura Mandala: {"is_mathura_related":false}

Dharma Shastra

Dharma Shastra: {"has_dharma_rule":true,"topic":"shraddha","instruction_summary":"On tithi and parvan occasions one should perform acts that ‘deliver’/benefit one’s pitṛs (śrāddha/tarpaṇa as time-bound duty).","karmic_consequence":"Proper observance strengthens pitṛ-satisfaction and lineage merit; neglect implies pitṛ-asantoṣa and loss of ancestral support."}

Vrata Mahatmya

Vrata Mahatmya: {"has_vrata":false}

Cosmic Boar Symbolism

Cosmic Boar Symbolism: {"has_symbolism":false}

Philosophical Teaching

Philosophical Teaching: {"has_teaching":true,"teaching_type":"dharma (kāla-niyama)","core_concept":"Right action gains potency when aligned with sacred time; gratitude to ancestors is a sustaining cosmic reciprocity.","practical_application":"Mark parvans and relevant tithis; perform śrāddha/tarpaṇa with purity and intent for pitṛ-uplift."}

Subject Matter

Subject Matter: ["Ritual Practice","Ethics","Time-Reckoning"]

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: śānta

Secondary Rasa: karuṇa

Geographic Context

Type: ritual-time (tithi/parvan) rather than a physical tīrtha

Cross References

Related Themes: Varāha Purāṇa 190.55–190.57 (śrāddha-phala and pitṛ-devatā assignment)

Visual Art Cues

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"Varāha as a divine teacher indicating lunar tithi and parvan moments while a householder offers water/food to pitṛs.","item_prompts":["Varāha with teaching gesture","crescent moon/calendar markings for tithi","parvan junction motif (two lunar phases meeting)","gṛhastha with kuśa grass and water vessel","pitṛs as subtle luminous presences"],"kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural: Varāha in regal ornaments, warm ochres/greens; stylized moon disc; ritual implements (kamaṇḍalu, kuśa) in foreground; serene didactic mood.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore: central Varāha with gold-leaf halo; embossed moon/tithi symbols; miniature pitṛ-figures in aureole; rich reds and greens.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore: delicate linework; Varāha instructing beside a domestic altar; soft shading; emphasis on ritual vessels and kuśa.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari: intimate veranda scene; cool palette; moonlit parvan ambiance; small pitṛ silhouettes above offerings."}

Audio Atmosphere

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"didactic, calendrical solemnity","suggested_raga":"Yaman","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"clear, instructive, steady"}

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Purāṇic Ritual
• Hindu Calendrical Practice
• Vaiṣṇavism

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

It points to the importance of calendrical structure (tithi/parvan) in organizing domestic ritual life in Purāṇic culture.

Which geographic location is identified?

No geographic location is identified in this line.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

Regular, time-appropriate ancestral observances are presented as a key household responsibility.