Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 61
Devanagari script
आक्रोशानर्थहिंसानां प्रतीकाराय यद्भवेत् । दीयतेऽनुपकर्तृभ्यो भयदानं तदुच्यते
Transliteration
ākrośānarthahiṃsānāṃ pratīkārāya yadbhavet | dīyate'nupakartṛbhyo bhayadānaṃ taducyate
Translation
罵りや不運や害を退けるために与えるもの、たとえ恩を受けていない者にさえ施すそれを、「バヤ・ダーナ（畏施）」と呼ぶ。
Word by Word
आक्रोशabuse, outcry
आक्रोश:
Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootआक्रोश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन — ‘of abuses/insults’ (समासपूर्वपद)
अनर्थharm, misfortune
अनर्थ:
Sambandha (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootअनर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन — ‘of harms/misfortunes’ (समासपूर्वपद)
हिंसानाम्of violences/injuries
हिंसानाम्:
Sambandha (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootहिंसा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन
प्रतीकारायfor remedy/retaliation
प्रतीकाराय:
Sampradana (Purpose/recipient; हेतु-अर्थे)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतीकार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन
यत्that which
यत्:
Karta (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
भवेत्may be/should be
भवेत्:
Kriya (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, परस्मैपद
दीयतेis given
दीयते:
Kriya (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootदा (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोग (Passive)
अनुपकर्तृभ्यःfrom/to non-benefactors (those who do not help)
अनुपकर्तृभ्यः:
Apadana (Source/‘from’; also ‘to those who do not help’ by context)
TypeNoun
Rootअनुपकर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक; नञ्-पूर्वक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), बहुवचन
भयदानम्giving fear; intimidation
भयदानम्:
Karta (Subject/Predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootभय + दान (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (भयस्य दानम्)
तत्that
तत्:
Karta (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
उच्यतेis called
उच्यते:
Kriya (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोग (Passive)
Speaker
Sūta (Lomaharṣaṇa) (deduced)
Visual Art Cues
Scene: A traveler or householder, facing imminent threat (bandits/hostile crowd), offers a small purse or provisions to avert violence; the act is shown as protective, not celebratory—calm restraint amid tension.
Characters & Entities
N
Non-benefactors (anupakartṛ)FAQs
Some giving is defensive—meant to avert harm—showing that motive (fear vs dharma) shapes the moral texture of charity.
No sacred geography appears in this verse.
No formal rite; it identifies gifts offered for appeasement or protection as bhaya-dāna.