कीर्तनाद्दर्शनात्स्पर्शाद्गंगापानावगाहनात् । दशोत्तरगुणा ज्ञेया पुण्यापुण्यर्द्धिनाशयोः
kīrtanāddarśanātsparśādgaṃgāpānāvagāhanāt | daśottaraguṇā jñeyā puṇyāpuṇyarddhināśayoḥ
讃嘆し、拝見し、触れ、またガンガーの水を飲み、沐浴して身を浸すことによって、功徳の増大と罪障の滅尽は十倍、さらにそれ以上となると知れ。
Skanda (deduced: Kāśīkhaṇḍa commonly Skanda speaking to Agastya)
Tirtha: Gaṅgā (Jāhnavī) in Kāśī
Type: ghat
Listener: Sages (e.g., Śaunaka’s assembly) and within Kāśī-khaṇḍa: Agastya as questioner later
Scene: A pilgrim at a Kāśī ghat performs sequential acts—singing Gaṅgā’s praise, gazing at the flowing river, touching the water, sipping from cupped hands, and immersing—while priests and lamps frame the sacred riverfront.
Even simple contact with the Gaṅgā—praise, sight, touch, drinking, or bathing—multiplies merit and destroys sin.
The Gaṅgā as a supreme tīrtha, especially in the Kāśī context of the Kāśīkhaṇḍa.
Kīrtana (praise), darśana (viewing), sparśa (touch), pāna (drinking), and avagāhana/snānā (bathing/immersion) in the Gaṅgā.