Skanda Purana — Avanti Khanda, Shloka 88

Devanagari script

न स्वातन्त्र्यं ममैवास्ति उत्पन्नाहं महत्कुले । याच्यस्तु मत्पिता भ्राता मातापि हि तथैव च

Transliteration

na svātantryaṃ mamaivāsti utpannāhaṃ mahatkule | yācyastu matpitā bhrātā mātāpi hi tathaiva ca

Translation

「わたしには自らの自由はありません。偉大な家に生まれた身ゆえ。父と兄に願い出てください――同じく母にも。」

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (Discourse/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negative particle)

• svātantryam: independence
• svātantryam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svātantrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd case), एकवचन; abstract noun

• mama: of me / my
• mama: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th case/genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• eva: indeed/only
• eva: Sambandha (Discourse/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• asti: is/exists
• asti: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (अस् धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• utpannā: born
• utpannā: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: utpad (उत्पद् धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; ‘अहं’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा (1st case/nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• mahatkule: in a great family
• mahatkule: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक) + kula (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (विशेषण-विशेष्यभावः: महत् + कुल); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case/locative), एकवचन

• yācyaḥ: to be entreated/asked
• yācyaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yāc (याच् धातु) + ya (य)
• Form: यत्/य-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive/भाव्य); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; ‘मत्पिता’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• tu: but
• tu: Sambandha (Discourse/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/अन्वयार्थक-अव्यय (but/indeed)

• matpitā: my father
• matpitā: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mad (अस्मद्-षष्ठी) + pitṛ (पितृ प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: मत् + पिता); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• bhrātā: (my) brother
• bhrātā: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhrātṛ (भ्रातृ प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• mātā: mother
• mātā: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mātṛ (मातृ प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (Discourse/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-कारार्थक-अव्यय (also/even)

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (Discourse/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चय/हेतौ-अव्यय (indeed/for)

• tathā: thus/so
• tathā: Sambandha (Manner/प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of manner)

• eva: just/indeed
• eva: Sambandha (Discourse/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Coordination/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

Speaker

Kanyā (the maiden/cowherd girl)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Revā (Narmadā) tīrtha-context (general)

Type: river

Visual Art Cues

Scene: On the bank of the Revā, a noble maiden speaks with composed firmness, indicating her dependence on father, brother, and mother for decision; the setting suggests a pilgrimage landscape with river steps and trees.

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Marriage is portrayed as a dharmic alliance requiring proper approach and consent through family/guardians.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

None is specified in this verse; it is part of the Revā (Narmadā) region narrative.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

No ritual is detailed; it indicates the customary protocol of formally requesting the family.