Shloka 38

नरकनामनिर्णयः

Catalogue of Narakas and Karmic Causes

Devanagari script

मनसः परिणामोऽयं सुखदुःखोपलक्षणः । ज्ञानमेव परं ब्रह्म ज्ञानं तत्त्वाय कल्पते

Transliteration

manasaḥ pariṇāmo'yaṃ sukhaduḥkhopalakṣaṇaḥ | jñānameva paraṃ brahma jñānaṃ tattvāya kalpate

Translation

この心の変容は、楽と苦という徴によって知られる。知こそが至上のブラフマンであり、知こそが真実在（タットヴァ）を実現する。

Word by Word

• मनसः: of the mind
• मनसः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन

• परिणामः: transformation
• परिणामः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिणाम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अयम्: this
• अयम्: Apposition (समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• सुख-दुःख-उपलक्षणः: characterized by pleasure and pain
• सुख-दुःख-उपलक्षणः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुख (प्रातिपदिक) + दुःख (प्रातिपदिक) + उपलक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः (तत्पुरुष; ‘सुखदुःखयोः उपलक्षणम्’—द्वन्द्व-पूर्वपद + षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘परिणामः’ इत्यस्य विशेषण

• ज्ञानम्: knowledge
• ज्ञानम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• एव: alone/indeed
• एव: Particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारणार्थक-निपात

• परम्: supreme
• परम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘ब्रह्म’ इत्यस्य विशेषण

• ब्रह्म: Brahman
• ब्रह्म: Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• ज्ञानम्: knowledge
• ज्ञानम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• तत्त्वाय: for reality/true principle
• तत्त्वाय: Sampradāna/Purpose (सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative; purpose/fitness), एकवचन

• कल्पते: is fit/serves as
• कल्पते: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कॢप् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद

Speaker

Lord Shiva (instructing Umā/Parvati in the philosophical discourse of the Umāsaṃhitā)

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pati

Shiva Form: Dakṣiṇāmūrti

Shakti Dimension

Shakti Form: Pārvatī

Role: teaching

Characters & Entities

• Shiva
• Parvati

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It teaches that pleasure and pain are signs of mental modification, not the Self; liberation comes through jñāna—clear realization of tattva—by which one turns from changing mind-states toward the Supreme (Shiva as the highest reality).

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Linga-worship steadies the mind and purifies perception; as devotion matures, the seeker moves from Saguna contemplation (form and attributes) to jñāna that recognizes the Supreme Reality beyond mental fluctuations—Shiva as the ultimate tattva.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

Practice steady dhyāna with mantra-japa (especially the Panchakshara, “Om Namaḥ Śivāya”) while observing sukha-duḥkha as passing mind-states; combine this with simple Shaiva discipline such as Tripuṇḍra (bhasma) and inward recollection of Shiva.