Rig Veda 8.4.1: Mandala 8, Sukta 4, Mantra 1

Sukta 8.4

Rishi: Kaṇva (Kaṇva lineage; Kaṇvāḥ)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यदिन्द्र प्रागपागुदङ्न्यग्वा हूयसे नृभिः । सिमा पुरू नृषूतो अस्यानवेऽसि प्रशर्ध तुर्वशे ॥

Transliteration

yád indra prā́g apā́g údaṅ nyàg vā hūyáse nṛ́bhiḥ | símā purū́ nṛ-sū́to asyā́nave ’si praśardha turváśe ||

Translation

インドラよ、東からであれ西からであれ、上からであれ下からであれ、人々に呼ばれるならば。汝はまことに「多にして一なる者」、人の霊力より生まれし者。求める者のために勝ち進む衝撃として来たれ――勝利の力としてトゥルヴァシャ（Turvaśa）、その努め求むる魂に臨め。

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Word by Word

• यदि: if
• यदि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र

• प्राक्: forward, eastward
• प्राक्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्राक्

• अपाक्: backward, westward
• अपाक्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपाक्

• उदक्: upward, northward
• उदक्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उदक्

• न्यक्: downward
• न्यक्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न्यक्

• वा: or
• वा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• हूयसे: you are invoked / called
• हूयसे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ह्वा (ह्वयति)

• नृभिः: by men
• नृभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृ

• सिमा: indeed, just
• सिमा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सिम

• पुरू: much, many
• पुरू: —
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरु

• नृषूतः: impelled/stirred by men
• नृषूतः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (past participial)
• Root: नृ + √सू (सवति) → नृषूत

• असि: you are
• असि: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस्

• अस्य: of this
• अस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (pronoun)

• अनवे: in support / following
• अनवे: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb used adverbially)
• Root: अनु

• प्रशर्ध: attack, press on, be aggressive
• प्रशर्ध: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शर्ध् (शर्धति)

• तुर्वशे: for (the) Turvaśa
• तुर्वशे: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun (tribal name)
• Root: तुर्वश