Rig Veda 8.13.21 — Mandala 8, Sukta 13, Mantra 21

Sukta 8.13

Devata: Indra (friend of the sacrificer; guardian of Soma)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यदि मे सख्यमावर इमस्य पाह्यन्धसः । येन विश्वा अति द्विषो अतारिम ॥

Transliteration

yádi me sakhyám ā́vara imásya pā́hy ándhasaḥ | yéna víśvā áti dvíṣo átārim ||

Translation

もし汝が我と友契に入ったのなら、この搾り出された甘露（andhas）を守り給え。これによって、我はあらゆる憎しみ（敵意）を越え渡らん。

Word by Word

• यदि: if
• यदि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (avyaya)

• मे: of me / for me
• मे: Sampradāna (beneficiary/possessor) संदर्भे
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अहम् (asmad)

• सख्यम्: friendship, alliance
• सख्यम्: Karma (object) / predicate-noun sense
• Type: Noun
• Root: सख्य (from सखि)

• आवरः: helping/protecting one; ally
• आवरः: Kartā (subject) (addressed deity) / vocative-like usage in hymn
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: आवर (prātipadika)

• इमस्य: of this
• इमस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (of this)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्

• पाहि: protect! guard!
• पाहि: Kriyā (main verb); addressee as Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: पा (पाने/रक्षणे) धातु

• अन्धसः: from the soma-juice / from the draught
• अन्धसः: Apādāna/ablatival sense via genitive (Vedic): ‘from/against’ + also ‘of’
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्धस्

• येन: by which
• येन: Karaṇa (means): ‘by which’
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद्

• विश्वाः: all
• विश्वाः: Karma (object) with अति-तॄ/अतारिम: ‘all (obstacles/foes)’
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विश्व

• अति: over, across
• अति: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/adverb)
• Root: अति (avyaya)

• द्विषः: enemies, haters
• द्विषः: Karma (object): ‘foes’
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विष् (noun from √द्विष्)

• अतारिम: I crossed over / I overcame
• अतारिम: Kriyā; speaker as Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: तॄ (तरणे) धातु