Rig Veda 5.45.11 — Mandala 5, Sukta 45, Mantra 11
Sukta 5.45
Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition)
Devata: Dhī as operative power; Āpaḥ (Waters); Gods as protectors (devagopāḥ)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify metrically)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
धियं वो अप्सु दधिषे स्वर्षां ययातरन्दश मासो नवग्वाः । अया धिया स्याम देवगोपा अया धिया तुतुर्यामात्यंहः ॥
Transliteration
dhíyaṃ vo apsú dadhīṣe svaḥ-sā́ṃ yayā́taran dáśa mā́sō nava-gvā́ḥ | ayā́ dhiyā́ syāma devá-gopā ayā́ dhiyā́ tuturyā́mā́ty áṃhaḥ ||
Translation
この霊感のヴィジョン（dhī）を、あなたがたのために諸水の中に据える——光を勝ち取る dhī。これによってナヴァグヴァ（Navagva）たちは十か月を渡り越えた。この dhī によって、われらが神々に護られんことを；この dhī によって、あらゆる苦難と曲がりを越えんことを。
Word by Word
धियम्thought, insight (as object)
धियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधी- (प्रातिपदिक ‘धी’ < √धी ‘ध्यान/बुद्धि’)
वःof/for you (your)
वः:
Sampradāna
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अप्सुin the waters
अप्सु:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootअप्- (प्रातिपदिक)
दधिषेI place / I set
दधिषे:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Root√धा (दधा- ‘to place, set’)
स्वर्षाम्sun-winning / bringing light (qualifying ‘thought’)
स्वर्षाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वर्- (प्रातिपदिक ‘स्वर्’ ‘sunlight/heaven’) + √सा/शा? (कृदन्त-आधार: ‘-षा’ as ‘winning/possessing’ in RV usage) → ‘स्वर्षा’
ययातरम्going forth, advancing (impelling onward)
ययातरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective (agent-noun)
Root√या (गत्यर्थ) + कृत् ‘तृ’ → ‘ययातर्’
दशten
दश:
Viśeṣaṇa
TypeNumeral
Rootदशन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
मासःmonths
मासः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootमास- (प्रातिपदिक)
नवग्वाःthe Navagvas
नवग्वाः:
Kartā
TypeNoun (proper/tribal epithet)
Rootनवग्व- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘नव’ + ‘ग्व’—Navagvas, a mythic group)
अयाby this
अया:
Karaṇa
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्/अयम्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक; instr. ‘अया’)
धियाby (this) insight/thought
धिया:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootधी- (प्रातिपदिक)
स्यामmay we be
स्याम:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (भू/अस् ‘to be’)
देवगोपाःguarded by the gods / having the gods as protectors
देवगोपाः:
Kartā
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootदेव- + गोप- (प्रातिपदिक; तत्पुरुष ‘देवगोप’)
अयाby this
अया:
Karaṇa
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्/अयम्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
धियाby (this) insight
धिया:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootधी- (प्रातिपदिक)
तुतुर्यामmay we overcome / may we pass beyond
तुतुर्याम:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Root√तॄ/तुर् (तरण/अतिक्रमण ‘to overcome, pass beyond’) → desiderative/intensive stem ‘तुतुर्य-’
अतिbeyond, over
अति:
Upasarga
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अंहःdistress, sin, narrowness (trouble)
अंहः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअंहस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
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