Rig Veda 5.20.4 — Mandala 5, Sukta 20, Mantra 4
Sukta 5.20
Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (traditional attribution for Mandala 5 Atri hymns)
Devata: Agni (continuation within RV 5.20 Agni hymn context; epithets suit Agni as forceful helper and sukratu)
Chandas: Trishtubh/Jagati (probable; verify in critical edition due to longer cadence and repetitions)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
इत्था यथा त ऊतये सहसावन्दिवेदिवे । राय ऋताय सुक्रतो गोभिः ष्याम सधमादो वीरैः स्याम सधमादः ॥
Transliteration
itthā́ yáthā te ūtáye sáhasāvandive-dive | rāyá ṛtā́ya sukrato góbhīḥ syāma sadhamā́do vīráiḥ syāma sadhamā́daḥ ||
Translation
かくあれかし。汝の加護のために、力ある者よ、日ごとに。ṛta（宇宙の正序・真理）にかなう富のために、清明なる意志の者よ、われらは光の「牛」（光線の群れ）とともに、また英雄の力とともに、サダーマーダ（sadhāmāda、共なる歓喜）に与らん。サダーマーダに与らん。
Word by Word
इत्थाthus, in this manner
इत्था:
Adhikaraṇa (प्रकार/रीति)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइत्था (avyaya-prātipadika)
यथाas, just as
यथा:
Adhikaraṇa (प्रकार/उपमान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (avyaya-prātipadika)
तेof you, your
ते:
Sampradāna (possessor of aid) / relation
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद् (sarvanāman-prātipadika)
ऊतयेfor (your) help/aid
ऊतये:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootऊति (prātipadika)
सहसावन्O mighty one
सहसावन्:
Sambodhana (addressed deity)
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootसहसावन् (prātipadika; from सहस् ‘might’)
दिवे-दिवेday by day
दिवे-दिवे:
Adhikaraṇa (काल)
TypeNoun (reduplicated adverbial)
Rootदिव्/द्यौ (prātipadika: दिवस/दिव्)
रायःof wealth, of bounty
रायः:
Sampradāna/Relation (genitive of purpose/association)
TypeNoun
Rootराय्/रायि (prātipadika)
ऋतायfor ṛta (truth/cosmic order)
ऋताय:
Sampradāna (goal/purpose) / Adhikaraṇa (norm)
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (prātipadika)
सु-क्रतोO good-minded/wise in resolve
सु-क्रतो:
Sambodhana (addressed deity)
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootसुक्रतु (prātipadika)
गोभिःwith cows (cattle)
गोभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootगो (prātipadika)
स्यामmay we be
स्याम:
Kartā (implicit ‘we’)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
सध-मादःa companion at the common feast/pressing
सध-मादः:
Kartā/Predicate-nominative (with स्याम)
TypeNoun
Rootसधमाद (prātipadika)
वीरैःwith heroes/men
वीरैः:
Karaṇa (association/instrumental of accompaniment)
TypeNoun
Rootवीर (prātipadika)
स्यामmay we be
स्याम:
Kartā (implicit ‘we’)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
सध-मादःa companion at the common feast/pressing
सध-मादः:
Kartā/Predicate-nominative (with स्याम)
TypeNoun
Rootसधमाद (prātipadika)
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