Rig Veda 4.5.13: Mandala 4, Sukta 5, Mantra 13
Sukta 4.5
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Agni (context) with strong invocation of Uṣas and Sūrya as revelatory powers
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
का मर्यादा वयुना कद्ध वाममच्छा गमेम रघवो न वाजम् । कदा नो देवीरमृतस्य पत्नीः सूरो वर्णेन ततनन्नुषासः ॥
Transliteration
kā́ maryā́dā vayúnā kád dha vāmám ácchā gamema raghávo ná vā́jam | kadā́ no devī́r amṛ́tasya pátnīḥ sū́ro várṇena tatanann uṣā́saḥ ||
Translation
いかなる境界か。いかなる正しい識別（vayunā）か。いかなる真に望ましき善が、我らをまっすぐそこへ導くのか——力の充溢たる獲得へと急ぐ者のように。いつ我らのために、神なる暁たち——不死の妻たち——が、太陽の色によってその光輝をひろげるのか。
Word by Word
काwhat? which?
का:
Adhikaraṇa (प्रश्न-निर्देशः/विषय-निर्देशः)
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् (प्रश्न-सर्वनाम)
मर्यादाboundary, limit, rule
मर्यादा:
Kartā (प्रश्नवाक्ये विषयः) / अथवा ‘किम्’ इत्यस्य विशेष्यः
TypeNoun
Rootमर्यादा (प्रातिपदिकम्)
वयुनाmeans, devices, ordinances
वयुना:
Karma (गमेम इत्यस्य—‘कानि उपायानि/विधयः’ इति) / अथवा Adhikaraṇa (मार्ग-उपाय-निर्देशः)
TypeNoun
Rootवयुन (प्रातिपदिकम्)
कद्धwhen? how?
कद्ध:
Adhikaraṇa (काल/प्रकार-प्रश्नः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकद् (प्रश्न-अव्ययम्; वैदिकम्)
वामम्good, desirable (goal/boon)
वामम्:
Karma (गमेम—‘वामम्’ = ‘कल्याणं/श्रेष्ठं स्थानम्/वस्तु’)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवाम (प्रातिपदिकम्)
अच्छाtowards, straight to
अच्छा:
Adhikaraṇa (गति-दिशा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअच्छा (अव्ययम्/उपसर्गार्थम्)
गमेमmay we go, may we reach
गमेम:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातुः)
रघवःswift ones, quick (men)
रघवः:
Kartā (गमेम—‘we, the swift ones’)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootरघु (प्रातिपदिकम्)
नlike, as
न:
(उपमान-सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (उपमा-अव्ययम्)
वाजम्prize, strength, (victory-)booty
वाजम्:
Karma (गमेम—‘वाजम्’ इव लक्ष्यं)
TypeNoun
Rootवाज (प्रातिपदिकम्)
कदाwhen?
कदा:
Adhikaraṇa (कालः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदा (प्रश्न-अव्ययम्)
नःfor us / of us
नः:
Sampradāna (हित-सम्बन्धः: ‘for us’)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
देवीःgoddesses
देवीः:
Kartā (ततनन्—‘the goddesses’)
TypeNoun
Rootदेवी (प्रातिपदिकम्)
अमृतस्यof immortality, of nectar
अमृतस्य:
Sambandha (पत्नीः—‘of immortality/nectar’)
TypeNoun
Rootअमृत (प्रातिपदिकम्)
पत्नीःwives (consorts)
पत्नीः:
Kartā (देवीः इत्यस्य विशेषण/अप्पोजिशनः: ‘the wives’)
TypeNoun
Rootपत्नी (प्रातिपदिकम्)
सूरःthe Sun
सूरः:
Kartā (ततनन्—‘the Sun’)
TypeNoun
Rootसूर (प्रातिपदिकम्)
वर्णेनwith colour, with radiance
वर्णेन:
Karaṇa (ततनन्—‘by/with (his) radiance/colour’)
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण (प्रातिपदिकम्)
ततनन्they stretched/spread
ततनन्:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootतन् (धातुः)
उषासःthe dawns
उषासः:
Karma/Viṣaya (ततनन्—‘the dawns (as what is spread/extended)’)
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिकम्)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
Ask anything about this verse
Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.
Not sure where to start?
A free Google sign-in keeps your chat saved across web and the app.
Read Rig Veda in the Vedapath app
Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.