Rig Veda 4.40.3: Mandala 4, Sukta 40, Mantra 3
Sukta 4.40
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Dadhikrāvan
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उत स्मास्य द्रवतस्तुरण्यतः पर्णं न वेरनु वाति प्रगर्धिनः । श्येनस्येव ध्रजतो अङ्कसं परि दधिक्राव्णः सहोर्जा तरित्रतः ॥
Transliteration
utá smā́sya drávatas turaṇyatáḥ párṇaṃ ná vér ánu vā́ti pragardhínaḥ | śyenásyeva dhrájató aṅkásaṃ pári dadhikrā́vṇaḥ sahó ūrjá tári-trataḥ ||
Translation
また、彼が迅き衝動のまま駆けるとき、風は強き者に駆られて飛ぶ葉のように、その後を追う。鷹の震える飛羽のごとく、ダディクラーヴァン（Dadhikrāvan）の雄なる力と勢いが、彼が彼岸へ渡り越えるとき周りを取り巻く。
Word by Word
उतand, also
उत:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
स्मindeed, just
स्म:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्म
अस्यof him/its
अस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (अस्- pronominal stem)
द्रवतस्of (him) running, speeding
द्रवतस्:
विशेषण (of ‘अस्य’)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootद्रवत् (from √द्रु/द्रव् ‘run, flow’)
तुरण्यतःof (him) rushing, impetuous
तुरण्यतः:
विशेषण (of ‘अस्य’)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootतुरण्यत् (from √तुर् ‘hasten, overcome’)
पर्णम्a leaf, wing-feather
पर्णम्:
उपमान (in simile with ‘न’)
TypeNoun
Rootपर्ण
नlike, as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
वेर्away, aside
वेर्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवेर् (Vedic form; adverbial/particle, ‘apart/away’)
अनुalong, after
अनु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनु
वातिblows
वाति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√वा (वाति)
प्रगर्धिनःthe eager/impetuous one (wind)
प्रगर्धिनः:
कर्तृ (agent of वाति)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootप्र-गर्धिन् (from √गर्ध् ‘be eager/greedy, desire’)
श्येनस्यof an eagle/falcon
श्येनस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive in simile)
TypeNoun
Rootश्येन
इवlike
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
ध्रजतःof (one) quivering, vibrating
ध्रजतः:
विशेषण (of ‘श्येनस्य’)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootध्रजत् (from √ध्रज्/ध्रञ्ज् ‘shake, quiver’)
अङ्कसम्hook, bend; (here) curved part/turn
अङ्कसम्:
कर्म (object with ‘परि’ + implied motion/placement)
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्कस
परिaround
परि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरि
दधिक्राव्णःof Dadhikrāvan (the divine steed)
दधिक्राव्णः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootदधिक्रावन् (proper name)
सहःmight, force
सहः:
कर्म/विशेष्य (with ‘ऊर्जा’ as coordinate)
TypeNoun
Rootसहस्
ऊर्जाwith vigor, by strength
ऊर्जा:
करण (means: ‘with vigor/strength’)
TypeNoun
Rootऊर्ज्/ऊर्जा
तरित्रतःfrom/than the overcomer, the crosser
तरित्रतः:
अपादान (source/point of comparison: ‘from/than the crosser’)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootतरित्र (from √तॄ ‘cross, overcome’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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