Rig Veda 4.16.4: Mandala 4, Sukta 16, Mantra 4
Sukta 4.16
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
स्वर्यद्वेदि सुदृशीकमर्कैर्महि ज्योती रुरुचुर्यद्ध वस्तोः । अन्धा तमांसि दुधिता विचक्षे नृभ्यश्चकार नृतमो अभिष्टौ ॥
Transliteration
svàr yád védí su-dṛ́śīkam arkáiḥ máhi jyótī rurucúr yád dha vástōḥ | andhā́ tamā́ṃsi dúdhitā́ vi-cákṣe nṛ́bhyas cakāra nṛ́-tamo abhíṣṭau ||
Translation
讃歌によって見事に飾られ、見るに麗しい天（svàr、光明の広がり）を彼が識り得たとき、暁の破れに大いなる光が赫々と輝き出た。最もまことの人なる者は、望まれた勝利のうちに盲き闇を見分けて打ち散らし、求める者たちのために正しき行為の場を形づくった。
Word by Word
स्वःheaven; the heavenly light (svah)
स्वः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वस् (प्रातिपदिक) / स्वर्ग-भाव
यत्when; that which
यत्:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वेदिhe knew; he has perceived
वेदि:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु) ‘to know’
सुदृशीकम्beautiful to see; fair-looking
सुदृशीकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-दृशीक (प्रातिपदिक; सु + दृश्-इक)
अर्कैःwith hymns/songs of praise
अर्कैः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootअर्क (प्रातिपदिक)
महिgreatly; mightily
महि:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमहि (अव्यय; ‘greatly’) / मह्-महिमन्-सम्बन्ध
ज्योतिःlight; radiance
ज्योतिः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस् (प्रातिपदिक)
रुरुचुःthey shone forth
रुरुचुः:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Rootरुच् (धातु) ‘to shine’
यत्when; as
यत्:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
हindeed; surely
ह:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootह (निपात)
वस्तोःof the dawn; at daybreak
वस्तोः:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootवस्तु/वस्तु- (वस् ‘to dwell’ से) / वस्तु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘dawn, daybreak’
अन्धाःblind; dark
अन्धाः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
तमांसिdarknesses; dark masses
तमांसि:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootतमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
दुधिताःshaken apart; scattered
दुधिताः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootदुधित (कृदन्त; √दुध्/दुह्? वैदिके ‘to shake/stir’—अर्थे ‘विक्षिप्त/प्रचालित’)
विचक्षेhe beheld; he discerned
विचक्षे:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Rootवि-चक्ष् (धातु) ‘to see, discern’
नृभ्यःfor men; to the heroes
नृभ्यः:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootनृ (प्रातिपदिक)
चकारhe made; he fashioned
चकार:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु) ‘to make, do’
नृतमःthe most manly; best of heroes
नृतमः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootनृतम (प्रातिपदिक; नृ + तमप् ‘most manly/best of men’)
अभिष्टौin the invocation; in the praise/appeal
अभिष्टौ:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootअभिष्टु (प्रातिपदिक; अभि + स्तु ‘invocation/praise’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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