Rig Veda 10.40.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 40, Mantra 3
Sukta 10.40
Devata: Aśvinau
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
प्रातर्जरेथे जरणेव कापया वस्तोर्वस्तोर्यजता गच्छथो गृहम् । कस्य ध्वस्रा भवथः कस्य वा नरा राजपुत्रेव सवनाव गच्छथः ॥
Transliteration
prātár jarethe jaraṇéva kā́payā vástoḥ-vastor yajatā́ gacchatho gṛhám | kásya dhvasrā́ bhavathaḥ kásya vā narā rāja-putréva savánāv áva gacchathaḥ ||
Translation
暁に汝らは目覚める、震えを伴う老女のごとく。夕ごと暁ごとに、祭らるべき者よ、汝らは家へと赴く。汝らは誰の親しき伴侶となるのか、また誰のものか、勇士たちよ。王子のごとく、汝らはサヴァナ（搾りの祭次）へと下り行く。
Word by Word
प्रातःin the morning
प्रातः:
Adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रातः (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक) < प्राति/प्रभात-सम्बन्ध
जरेथेyou two grow old / become aged
जरेथे:
(क्रिया) —
TypeVerb
Rootजॄ (धातु) ‘to age, become old’
जरुणाwith old age / as (one) aged
जरुणा:
Karaṇa (उपमान/साधनभाव: ‘with/like’)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootजरुण (प्रातिपदिक) < जॄ
इवlike, as
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
कापयाlike a monkey
कापया:
Karaṇa (उपमान-तृतीया)
TypeNoun
Rootकापि/कापय (प्रातिपदिक) (RV: ‘monkey’)
वस्तोःof the day / of the dwelling
वस्तोः:
Adhikaraṇa (काल/पर्याय: ‘of each day’ in repetition)
TypeNoun
Rootवस्तु/वस्तु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘dwelling, house; day’ (RV usage) अथवा वस् (धातु) ‘to dwell’ से
वस्तोःday by day
वस्तोः:
Adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootवस्तु/वस्तु (प्रातिपदिक)
यजताworshipful, worthy of sacrifice
यजता:
Karma (गन्तव्य-गृहं विशेषयति: ‘to the worshipful [homes]’)
TypeAdjective
Rootयजत (प्रातिपदिक) < यज् ‘to worship’
गच्छथोyou two go
गच्छथो:
(क्रिया) —
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु) ‘to go’
गृहम्to the house/home
गृहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगृह (प्रातिपदिक)
कस्यof whom? whose?
कस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी: ‘whose’)
TypePronoun
Rootक (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
ध्वस्रा(you two) are the perishing/decaying ones
ध्वस्रा:
Kartā (नामरूपेण: ‘(you two) are …’)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootध्वस्र (प्रातिपदिक) ‘decay, ruin; perishing’
भवथःyou two are / become
भवथः:
(क्रिया) —
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु) ‘to be, become’
कस्यof whom? whose?
कस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypePronoun
Rootक (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वाor
वा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
नराO two men (heroes)
नरा:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
राजपुत्राlike two princes
राजपुत्रा:
Kartā (उपमान-प्रथमा)
TypeNoun
Rootराजपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक) ‘king’s son, prince’
इवlike
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
सवनाव्to the two Soma-pressings (libation-times)
सवनाव्:
Karma (गन्तव्य-काल/अवसर: ‘to the two pressings’)
TypeNoun
Rootसवन (प्रातिपदिक) ‘pressing, Soma-pressing; libation-time’
गच्छथःyou two go
गच्छथः:
(क्रिया) —
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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