Rig Veda 10.176.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 176, Mantra 3

Sukta 10.176

Rishi: Same sukta context (10.176).

Devata: Agni/Hotṛ-function (the divine priestly power), with chariot imagery.

Chandas: Likely Triṣṭubh (verify per edition).

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अयमु ष्य प्र देवयुर्होता यज्ञाय नीयते । रथो न योरभीवृतो घृणीवाञ्चेतति त्मना ॥

Transliteration

ayám u ṣyá prá devayúr hótā yajñā́ya nīyate | rátho ná yór abhīvṛ́to ghṛṇī́-vāñ cetati tmánā ||

Translation

この者こそ――神を求める祭官ホートリ（Hotṛ）――祭儀のために前へと導かれる。道に沿って堅く囲い護られた戦車のように、熱光に輝きつつ、彼は自らの内なる覚知によって進み、意識ある力として祭式を導く。

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Word by Word

• अयम्: this (one)
• अयम्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• उ: indeed / surely
• उ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उ (nipāta)

• ष्य: just / now / verily
• ष्य: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ष्य (nipāta; Vedic particle)

• प्र: forth / forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• देवयुः: god-seeking; devoted to the gods
• देवयुः: Kartā (apposition to अयम्)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: देवयु (prātipadika; from देव + यु ‘seeking/longing’)

• होता: the Hotṛ-priest (invoker)
• होता: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ (prātipadika; agent noun from √हु ‘to sacrifice/offer’)

• यज्ञाय: for the sacrifice
• यज्ञाय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (prātipadika)

• नीयते: is led / is conducted
• नीयते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नी (नयति) with passive formation; with preverb implied by context (प्र-)

• रथः: a chariot
• रथः: Kartā (of implied comparison-clause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (prātipadika)

• न: like / as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (upamā-nipāta)

• योर्: of/in which two (i.e., between the two)
• योर्: Adhikaraṇa (locative sense: ‘in/at which two’) / or Sambandha (genitive sense: ‘of which two’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: योर् = योर् (gen./loc. dual of relative pronoun य-)

• अभीवृतः: enclosed / surrounded
• अभीवृतः: Kartā (qualifier of the subject, esp. रथः / or the priest)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: अभि-√वृ (to cover/enclose) → क्त (past passive participle) ‘अभीवृत’

• घृणीवान्: glowing; ardent; radiant
• घृणीवान्: Kartā (qualifier of the subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: घृणीवत् (prātipadika; possessive in -वत् from घृणी ‘heat, glow, ardor’)

• चेतति: moves/acts; becomes manifest
• चेतति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √चित् (चेतति ‘perceives/appears/comes to notice’; Vedic usage also ‘moves/acts with awareness’)

• त्मना: by himself; with his own self (of himself)
• त्मना: Karaṇa (instrumental: ‘by/with himself; of his own accord’)
• Type: Noun (instrumental of manner)
• Root: त्मन् (prātipadika; Vedic for आत्मन् ‘self’)